2021-08-12 15:50:50 +03:00
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< ul class = "crumbs" > < li > < a href = "../index.html" > Home< / a > < / li > < li > < a href = "../compiler.html" > Inter Modules< / a > < / li > < li > < a href = "index.html" > final< / a > < / li > < li > < a href = "index.html#5" > Chapter 5: C< / a > < / li > < li > < b > C Memory Model< / b > < / li > < / ul > < / div >
< p class = "purpose" > How arrays of all kinds are stored in C.< / p >
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< ul class = "toc" > < li > < a href = "5-cmm.html#SP1" > § 1. Setting up the model< / a > < / li > < li > < a href = "5-cmm.html#SP2" > § 2. Byte-addressable memory< / a > < / li > < li > < a href = "5-cmm.html#SP5" > § 5. Reading and writing memory< / a > < / li > < li > < a href = "5-cmm.html#SP8" > § 8. Populating memory with arrays< / a > < / li > < li > < a href = "5-cmm.html#SP12" > § 12. Primitives for byte and word lookup< / a > < / li > < / ul > < hr class = "tocbar" >
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< p class = "commentary firstcommentary" > < a id = "SP1" class = "paragraph-anchor" > < / a > < b > § 1. Setting up the model. < / b > < / p >
< pre class = "displayed-code all-displayed-code code-font" >
< span class = "reserved-syntax" > void< / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > < / span > < span class = "function-syntax" > CMemoryModel::initialise< / span > < button class = "popup" onclick = "togglePopup('usagePopup1')" > < span class = "comment-syntax" > ?< / span > < span class = "popuptext" id = "usagePopup1" > Usage of < span class = "code-font" > < span class = "function-syntax" > CMemoryModel::initialise< / span > < / span > :< br / > Generating C - < a href = "5-fnc.html#SP1" > § 1< / a > < / span > < / button > < span class = "plain-syntax" > (< / span > < span class = "reserved-syntax" > code_generation_target< / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > *< / span > < span class = "identifier-syntax" > cgt< / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > ) {< / span >
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< span class = "plain-syntax" > < / span > < span class = "identifier-syntax" > METHOD_ADD< / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > (< / span > < span class = "identifier-syntax" > cgt< / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > , < / span > < span class = "constant-syntax" > BEGIN_ARRAY_MTID< / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > , < / span > < a href = "5-cmm.html#SP8" class = "function-link" > < span class = "function-syntax" > CMemoryModel::begin_array< / span > < / a > < span class = "plain-syntax" > );< / span >
< span class = "plain-syntax" > < / span > < span class = "identifier-syntax" > METHOD_ADD< / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > (< / span > < span class = "identifier-syntax" > cgt< / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > , < / span > < span class = "constant-syntax" > ARRAY_ENTRY_MTID< / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > , < / span > < a href = "5-cmm.html#SP9" class = "function-link" > < span class = "function-syntax" > CMemoryModel::array_entry< / span > < / a > < span class = "plain-syntax" > );< / span >
< span class = "plain-syntax" > < / span > < span class = "identifier-syntax" > METHOD_ADD< / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > (< / span > < span class = "identifier-syntax" > cgt< / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > , < / span > < span class = "constant-syntax" > ARRAY_ENTRIES_MTID< / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > , < / span > < a href = "5-cmm.html#SP10" class = "function-link" > < span class = "function-syntax" > CMemoryModel::array_entries< / span > < / a > < span class = "plain-syntax" > );< / span >
< span class = "plain-syntax" > < / span > < span class = "identifier-syntax" > METHOD_ADD< / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > (< / span > < span class = "identifier-syntax" > cgt< / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > , < / span > < span class = "constant-syntax" > END_ARRAY_MTID< / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > , < / span > < a href = "5-cmm.html#SP11" class = "function-link" > < span class = "function-syntax" > CMemoryModel::end_array< / span > < / a > < span class = "plain-syntax" > );< / span >
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< span class = "plain-syntax" > }< / span >
< span class = "reserved-syntax" > typedef< / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > < / span > < span class = "reserved-syntax" > struct< / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > < / span > < span class = "reserved-syntax" > C_generation_memory_model_data< / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > {< / span >
< span class = "plain-syntax" > < / span > < span class = "reserved-syntax" > int< / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > < / span > < span class = "identifier-syntax" > himem< / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > ; < / span > < span class = "comment-syntax" > high point of memory: 1 more than the largest legal address< / span >
< span class = "plain-syntax" > < / span > < span class = "reserved-syntax" > struct< / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > < / span > < span class = "identifier-syntax" > text_stream< / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > *< / span > < span class = "identifier-syntax" > array_name< / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > ;< / span >
< span class = "plain-syntax" > < / span > < span class = "reserved-syntax" > int< / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > < / span > < span class = "identifier-syntax" > entry_count< / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > ;< / span >
< span class = "plain-syntax" > < / span > < span class = "reserved-syntax" > int< / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > < / span > < span class = "identifier-syntax" > next_node_is_a_ref< / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > ;< / span >
< span class = "plain-syntax" > } < / span > < span class = "reserved-syntax" > C_generation_memory_model_data< / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > ;< / span >
< span class = "reserved-syntax" > void< / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > < / span > < span class = "function-syntax" > CMemoryModel::initialise_data< / span > < button class = "popup" onclick = "togglePopup('usagePopup2')" > < span class = "comment-syntax" > ?< / span > < span class = "popuptext" id = "usagePopup2" > Usage of < span class = "code-font" > < span class = "function-syntax" > CMemoryModel::initialise_data< / span > < / span > :< br / > Generating C - < a href = "5-fnc.html#SP4" > § 4< / a > < / span > < / button > < span class = "plain-syntax" > (< / span > < span class = "reserved-syntax" > code_generation< / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > *< / span > < span class = "identifier-syntax" > gen< / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > ) {< / span >
< span class = "plain-syntax" > < / span > < span class = "identifier-syntax" > C_GEN_DATA< / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > (< / span > < span class = "identifier-syntax" > memdata< / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > .< / span > < span class = "element-syntax" > himem< / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > ) = < / span > < span class = "constant-syntax" > 0< / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > ;< / span >
< span class = "plain-syntax" > < / span > < span class = "identifier-syntax" > C_GEN_DATA< / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > (< / span > < span class = "identifier-syntax" > memdata< / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > .< / span > < span class = "element-syntax" > array_name< / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > ) = < / span > < span class = "identifier-syntax" > Str::new< / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > ();< / span >
< span class = "plain-syntax" > < / span > < span class = "identifier-syntax" > C_GEN_DATA< / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > (< / span > < span class = "identifier-syntax" > memdata< / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > .< / span > < span class = "element-syntax" > entry_count< / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > ) = < / span > < span class = "constant-syntax" > 0< / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > ;< / span >
< span class = "plain-syntax" > < / span > < span class = "identifier-syntax" > C_GEN_DATA< / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > (< / span > < span class = "identifier-syntax" > memdata< / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > .< / span > < span class = "element-syntax" > next_node_is_a_ref< / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > ) = < / span > < span class = "identifier-syntax" > FALSE< / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > ;< / span >
< span class = "plain-syntax" > }< / span >
< / pre >
< ul class = "endnotetexts" > < li > The structure C_generation_memory_model_data is accessed in 5/crf and here.< / li > < / ul >
< p class = "commentary firstcommentary" > < a id = "SP2" class = "paragraph-anchor" > < / a > < b > § 2. Byte-addressable memory. < / b > The Inter semantics require that there be an area of byte-accessible memory:
< / p >
< ul class = "items" > < li > (a) Byte-accessible memory must contain all of the arrays. These can but need
not have alignment gaps in between them. (For C, they do not.)
< / li > < li > (b) "Addresses" in this memory identify individual byte positions in it. These
can but need not start at 0. (For C, they do.) They must not be too large to
fit into an Inter value.
< / li > < li > (c) When an array name is compiled, its runtime value must be its address.
< / li > < li > (d) When an Inter value is stored in byte-accessible memory, it occupies either
2 or 4 consecutive bytes, with the little end first. The result is called a
"word". (For C, always 4, which is always < span class = "extract" > < span class = "extract-syntax" > sizeof(i7val)< / span > < / span > .) Conversion between
a word stored in memory and an Inter value must be faithful in both directions.
< / li > < li > (e) Words can be stored at any byte position, and not only at (say) multiples
of 2 or 4.
< / li > < li > (f) Arrays in memory are free to contain a mixture of bytes and words: some do.
< / li > < li > (g) Data may be written in byte form and read back in word form, or vice versa.
< / li > < / ul >
< p class = "commentary" > We will manage that with a single C array. This is first predeclared here:
< / p >
< pre class = "Extracts-displayed-code all-displayed-code code-font" >
< span class = "Extracts-identifier-syntax" > i7byte< / span > < span class = "Extracts-plain-syntax" > < / span > < span class = "Extracts-identifier-syntax" > i7mem< / span > < span class = "Extracts-plain-syntax" > [];< / span >
< / pre >
< ul class = "endnotetexts" > < li > This is part of the extract file inform7_clib.h.< / li > < / ul >
< p class = "commentary firstcommentary" > < a id = "SP3" class = "paragraph-anchor" > < / a > < b > § 3. < / b > Declaring that array is our main task in this section.
< / p >
< pre class = "displayed-code all-displayed-code code-font" >
< span class = "reserved-syntax" > void< / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > < / span > < span class = "function-syntax" > CMemoryModel::begin< / span > < button class = "popup" onclick = "togglePopup('usagePopup3')" > < span class = "comment-syntax" > ?< / span > < span class = "popuptext" id = "usagePopup3" > Usage of < span class = "code-font" > < span class = "function-syntax" > CMemoryModel::begin< / span > < / span > :< br / > Generating C - < a href = "5-fnc.html#SP5" > § 5< / a > < / span > < / button > < span class = "plain-syntax" > (< / span > < span class = "reserved-syntax" > code_generation< / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > *< / span > < span class = "identifier-syntax" > gen< / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > ) {< / span >
< span class = "plain-syntax" > < / span > < span class = "reserved-syntax" > generated_segment< / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > *< / span > < span class = "identifier-syntax" > saved< / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > = < / span > < a href = "2-cg.html#SP5" class = "function-link" > < span class = "function-syntax" > CodeGen::select< / span > < / a > < span class = "plain-syntax" > (< / span > < span class = "identifier-syntax" > gen< / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > , < / span > < span class = "constant-syntax" > c_mem_I7CGS< / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > );< / span >
< span class = "plain-syntax" > < / span > < span class = "identifier-syntax" > text_stream< / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > *< / span > < span class = "identifier-syntax" > OUT< / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > = < / span > < a href = "2-cg.html#SP7" class = "function-link" > < span class = "function-syntax" > CodeGen::current< / span > < / a > < span class = "plain-syntax" > (< / span > < span class = "identifier-syntax" > gen< / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > );< / span >
< span class = "plain-syntax" > < / span > < span class = "identifier-syntax" > WRITE< / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > (< / span > < span class = "string-syntax" > "i7byte i7mem[] = {\n"< / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > );< / span >
< span class = "plain-syntax" > < / span > < a href = "2-cg.html#SP5" class = "function-link" > < span class = "function-syntax" > CodeGen::deselect< / span > < / a > < span class = "plain-syntax" > (< / span > < span class = "identifier-syntax" > gen< / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > , < / span > < span class = "identifier-syntax" > saved< / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > );< / span >
< span class = "plain-syntax" > }< / span >
< / pre >
< p class = "commentary firstcommentary" > < a id = "SP4" class = "paragraph-anchor" > < / a > < b > § 4. < / b > We will end the array with two dummy bytes (which should never be accessed)
just in case, and to ensure that it is never empty, which would be illegal
in C.
< / p >
< pre class = "displayed-code all-displayed-code code-font" >
< span class = "reserved-syntax" > void< / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > < / span > < span class = "function-syntax" > CMemoryModel::end< / span > < button class = "popup" onclick = "togglePopup('usagePopup4')" > < span class = "comment-syntax" > ?< / span > < span class = "popuptext" id = "usagePopup4" > Usage of < span class = "code-font" > < span class = "function-syntax" > CMemoryModel::end< / span > < / span > :< br / > Generating C - < a href = "5-fnc.html#SP5" > § 5< / a > < / span > < / button > < span class = "plain-syntax" > (< / span > < span class = "reserved-syntax" > code_generation< / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > *< / span > < span class = "identifier-syntax" > gen< / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > ) {< / span >
< span class = "plain-syntax" > < / span > < span class = "reserved-syntax" > generated_segment< / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > *< / span > < span class = "identifier-syntax" > saved< / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > = < / span > < a href = "2-cg.html#SP5" class = "function-link" > < span class = "function-syntax" > CodeGen::select< / span > < / a > < span class = "plain-syntax" > (< / span > < span class = "identifier-syntax" > gen< / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > , < / span > < span class = "constant-syntax" > c_mem_I7CGS< / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > );< / span >
< span class = "plain-syntax" > < / span > < span class = "identifier-syntax" > text_stream< / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > *< / span > < span class = "identifier-syntax" > OUT< / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > = < / span > < a href = "2-cg.html#SP7" class = "function-link" > < span class = "function-syntax" > CodeGen::current< / span > < / a > < span class = "plain-syntax" > (< / span > < span class = "identifier-syntax" > gen< / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > );< / span >
< span class = "plain-syntax" > < / span > < span class = "identifier-syntax" > WRITE< / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > (< / span > < span class = "string-syntax" > "0, 0 };\n"< / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > );< / span >
< span class = "plain-syntax" > < / span > < a href = "2-cg.html#SP5" class = "function-link" > < span class = "function-syntax" > CodeGen::deselect< / span > < / a > < span class = "plain-syntax" > (< / span > < span class = "identifier-syntax" > gen< / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > , < / span > < span class = "identifier-syntax" > saved< / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > );< / span >
2021-08-19 01:59:31 +03:00
< span class = "plain-syntax" > < / span > < span class = "identifier-syntax" > saved< / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > = < / span > < a href = "2-cg.html#SP5" class = "function-link" > < span class = "function-syntax" > CodeGen::select< / span > < / a > < span class = "plain-syntax" > (< / span > < span class = "identifier-syntax" > gen< / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > , < / span > < span class = "constant-syntax" > c_ids_and_maxima_I7CGS< / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > );< / span >
< span class = "plain-syntax" > < / span > < span class = "identifier-syntax" > OUT< / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > = < / span > < a href = "2-cg.html#SP7" class = "function-link" > < span class = "function-syntax" > CodeGen::current< / span > < / a > < span class = "plain-syntax" > (< / span > < span class = "identifier-syntax" > gen< / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > );< / span >
< span class = "plain-syntax" > < / span > < span class = "identifier-syntax" > WRITE< / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > (< / span > < span class = "string-syntax" > "#define i7_himem %d\n"< / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > , < / span > < span class = "identifier-syntax" > C_GEN_DATA< / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > (< / span > < span class = "identifier-syntax" > memdata< / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > .< / span > < span class = "element-syntax" > himem< / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > ));< / span >
< span class = "plain-syntax" > < / span > < a href = "2-cg.html#SP5" class = "function-link" > < span class = "function-syntax" > CodeGen::deselect< / span > < / a > < span class = "plain-syntax" > (< / span > < span class = "identifier-syntax" > gen< / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > , < / span > < span class = "identifier-syntax" > saved< / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > );< / span >
2021-08-12 15:50:50 +03:00
< span class = "plain-syntax" > }< / span >
< / pre >
< p class = "commentary firstcommentary" > < a id = "SP5" class = "paragraph-anchor" > < / a > < b > § 5. Reading and writing memory. < / b > Given the above array, it's easy to read and write bytes: if < span class = "extract" > < span class = "extract-syntax" > a< / span > < / span > is the address
then we can simply refer to < span class = "extract" > < span class = "extract-syntax" > i7mem[a]< / span > < / span > . Words are more challenging since we
need to pack and unpack them.
< / p >
< p class = "commentary" > The following function reads a word which is in entry < span class = "extract" > < span class = "extract-syntax" > array_index< / span > < / span > (counting
0, 1, 2, ...) in the array which begins at the byte address < span class = "extract" > < span class = "extract-syntax" > array_address< / span > < / span > in
the bank of memory < span class = "extract" > < span class = "extract-syntax" > data< / span > < / span > . In practice, we will only every use this function
with < span class = "extract" > < span class = "extract-syntax" > data< / span > < / span > set to < span class = "extract" > < span class = "extract-syntax" > i7mem< / span > < / span > .
< / p >
< p class = "commentary" > The equivalent for reading a byte entry is < span class = "extract" > < span class = "extract-syntax" > data[array_address + array_index]< / span > < / span > .
< / p >
< pre class = "Extracts-displayed-code all-displayed-code code-font" >
< span class = "Extracts-identifier-syntax" > i7val< / span > < span class = "Extracts-plain-syntax" > < / span > < span class = "Extracts-identifier-syntax" > i7_read_word< / span > < span class = "Extracts-plain-syntax" > (< / span > < span class = "Extracts-identifier-syntax" > i7byte< / span > < span class = "Extracts-plain-syntax" > < / span > < span class = "Extracts-identifier-syntax" > data< / span > < span class = "Extracts-plain-syntax" > [], < / span > < span class = "Extracts-identifier-syntax" > i7val< / span > < span class = "Extracts-plain-syntax" > < / span > < span class = "Extracts-identifier-syntax" > array_address< / span > < span class = "Extracts-plain-syntax" > , < / span > < span class = "Extracts-identifier-syntax" > i7val< / span > < span class = "Extracts-plain-syntax" > < / span > < span class = "Extracts-identifier-syntax" > array_index< / span > < span class = "Extracts-plain-syntax" > ) {< / span >
< span class = "Extracts-plain-syntax" > < / span > < span class = "Extracts-identifier-syntax" > int< / span > < span class = "Extracts-plain-syntax" > < / span > < span class = "Extracts-identifier-syntax" > byte_position< / span > < span class = "Extracts-plain-syntax" > = < / span > < span class = "Extracts-identifier-syntax" > array_address< / span > < span class = "Extracts-plain-syntax" > + < / span > < span class = "Extracts-constant-syntax" > 4< / span > < span class = "Extracts-plain-syntax" > *< / span > < span class = "Extracts-identifier-syntax" > array_index< / span > < span class = "Extracts-plain-syntax" > ;< / span >
2021-08-19 01:59:31 +03:00
< span class = "Extracts-plain-syntax" > < / span > < span class = "Extracts-identifier-syntax" > if< / span > < span class = "Extracts-plain-syntax" > ((< / span > < span class = "Extracts-identifier-syntax" > byte_position< / span > < span class = "Extracts-plain-syntax" > < < / span > < span class = "Extracts-constant-syntax" > 0< / span > < span class = "Extracts-plain-syntax" > ) || (< / span > < span class = "Extracts-identifier-syntax" > byte_position< / span > < span class = "Extracts-plain-syntax" > > = < / span > < span class = "Extracts-identifier-syntax" > i7_himem< / span > < span class = "Extracts-plain-syntax" > )) {< / span >
< span class = "Extracts-plain-syntax" > < / span > < span class = "Extracts-identifier-syntax" > printf< / span > < span class = "Extracts-plain-syntax" > ("< / span > < span class = "Extracts-identifier-syntax" > Memory< / span > < span class = "Extracts-plain-syntax" > < / span > < span class = "Extracts-identifier-syntax" > access< / span > < span class = "Extracts-plain-syntax" > < / span > < span class = "Extracts-identifier-syntax" > out< / span > < span class = "Extracts-plain-syntax" > < / span > < span class = "Extracts-identifier-syntax" > of< / span > < span class = "Extracts-plain-syntax" > < / span > < span class = "Extracts-identifier-syntax" > range< / span > < span class = "Extracts-plain-syntax" > : %< / span > < span class = "Extracts-identifier-syntax" > d< / span > < span class = "Extracts-plain-syntax" > \< / span > < span class = "Extracts-identifier-syntax" > n< / span > < span class = "Extracts-plain-syntax" > ", < / span > < span class = "Extracts-identifier-syntax" > byte_position< / span > < span class = "Extracts-plain-syntax" > );< / span >
< span class = "Extracts-plain-syntax" > < / span > < span class = "Extracts-identifier-syntax" > i7_fatal_exit< / span > < span class = "Extracts-plain-syntax" > ();< / span >
< span class = "Extracts-plain-syntax" > }< / span >
< span class = "Extracts-plain-syntax" > < / span > < span class = "Extracts-identifier-syntax" > return< / span > < span class = "Extracts-plain-syntax" > (< / span > < span class = "Extracts-identifier-syntax" > i7val< / span > < span class = "Extracts-plain-syntax" > ) < / span > < span class = "Extracts-identifier-syntax" > data< / span > < span class = "Extracts-plain-syntax" > [< / span > < span class = "Extracts-identifier-syntax" > byte_position< / span > < span class = "Extracts-plain-syntax" > + < / span > < span class = "Extracts-constant-syntax" > 3< / span > < span class = "Extracts-plain-syntax" > ] +< / span >
< span class = "Extracts-plain-syntax" > < / span > < span class = "Extracts-constant-syntax" > 0< / span > < span class = "Extracts-identifier-syntax" > x100< / span > < span class = "Extracts-plain-syntax" > *((< / span > < span class = "Extracts-identifier-syntax" > i7val< / span > < span class = "Extracts-plain-syntax" > ) < / span > < span class = "Extracts-identifier-syntax" > data< / span > < span class = "Extracts-plain-syntax" > [< / span > < span class = "Extracts-identifier-syntax" > byte_position< / span > < span class = "Extracts-plain-syntax" > + < / span > < span class = "Extracts-constant-syntax" > 2< / span > < span class = "Extracts-plain-syntax" > ]) +< / span >
< span class = "Extracts-plain-syntax" > < / span > < span class = "Extracts-constant-syntax" > 0< / span > < span class = "Extracts-identifier-syntax" > x10000< / span > < span class = "Extracts-plain-syntax" > *((< / span > < span class = "Extracts-identifier-syntax" > i7val< / span > < span class = "Extracts-plain-syntax" > ) < / span > < span class = "Extracts-identifier-syntax" > data< / span > < span class = "Extracts-plain-syntax" > [< / span > < span class = "Extracts-identifier-syntax" > byte_position< / span > < span class = "Extracts-plain-syntax" > + < / span > < span class = "Extracts-constant-syntax" > 1< / span > < span class = "Extracts-plain-syntax" > ]) +< / span >
< span class = "Extracts-plain-syntax" > < / span > < span class = "Extracts-constant-syntax" > 0< / span > < span class = "Extracts-identifier-syntax" > x1000000< / span > < span class = "Extracts-plain-syntax" > *((< / span > < span class = "Extracts-identifier-syntax" > i7val< / span > < span class = "Extracts-plain-syntax" > ) < / span > < span class = "Extracts-identifier-syntax" > data< / span > < span class = "Extracts-plain-syntax" > [< / span > < span class = "Extracts-identifier-syntax" > byte_position< / span > < span class = "Extracts-plain-syntax" > + < / span > < span class = "Extracts-constant-syntax" > 0< / span > < span class = "Extracts-plain-syntax" > ]);< / span >
2021-08-12 15:50:50 +03:00
< span class = "Extracts-plain-syntax" > }< / span >
< / pre >
< ul class = "endnotetexts" > < li > This is part of the extract file inform7_clib.h.< / li > < / ul >
< p class = "commentary firstcommentary" > < a id = "SP6" class = "paragraph-anchor" > < / a > < b > § 6. < / b > Packing, unlike unpacking, is done with macros so that it is possible to
express a packed word in constant context, which we will need later.
< / p >
< pre class = "Extracts-displayed-code all-displayed-code code-font" >
2021-08-19 01:59:31 +03:00
< span class = "Extracts-plain-syntax" > #< / span > < span class = "Extracts-identifier-syntax" > define< / span > < span class = "Extracts-plain-syntax" > < / span > < span class = "Extracts-identifier-syntax" > I7BYTE_0< / span > < span class = "Extracts-plain-syntax" > (< / span > < span class = "Extracts-identifier-syntax" > V< / span > < span class = "Extracts-plain-syntax" > ) ((< / span > < span class = "Extracts-identifier-syntax" > V< / span > < span class = "Extracts-plain-syntax" > & < / span > < span class = "Extracts-constant-syntax" > 0< / span > < span class = "Extracts-identifier-syntax" > xFF000000< / span > < span class = "Extracts-plain-syntax" > ) > > < / span > < span class = "Extracts-constant-syntax" > 24< / span > < span class = "Extracts-plain-syntax" > )< / span >
< span class = "Extracts-plain-syntax" > #< / span > < span class = "Extracts-identifier-syntax" > define< / span > < span class = "Extracts-plain-syntax" > < / span > < span class = "Extracts-identifier-syntax" > I7BYTE_1< / span > < span class = "Extracts-plain-syntax" > (< / span > < span class = "Extracts-identifier-syntax" > V< / span > < span class = "Extracts-plain-syntax" > ) ((< / span > < span class = "Extracts-identifier-syntax" > V< / span > < span class = "Extracts-plain-syntax" > & < / span > < span class = "Extracts-constant-syntax" > 0< / span > < span class = "Extracts-identifier-syntax" > x00FF0000< / span > < span class = "Extracts-plain-syntax" > ) > > < / span > < span class = "Extracts-constant-syntax" > 16< / span > < span class = "Extracts-plain-syntax" > )< / span >
< span class = "Extracts-plain-syntax" > #< / span > < span class = "Extracts-identifier-syntax" > define< / span > < span class = "Extracts-plain-syntax" > < / span > < span class = "Extracts-identifier-syntax" > I7BYTE_2< / span > < span class = "Extracts-plain-syntax" > (< / span > < span class = "Extracts-identifier-syntax" > V< / span > < span class = "Extracts-plain-syntax" > ) ((< / span > < span class = "Extracts-identifier-syntax" > V< / span > < span class = "Extracts-plain-syntax" > & < / span > < span class = "Extracts-constant-syntax" > 0< / span > < span class = "Extracts-identifier-syntax" > x0000FF00< / span > < span class = "Extracts-plain-syntax" > ) > > < / span > < span class = "Extracts-constant-syntax" > 8< / span > < span class = "Extracts-plain-syntax" > )< / span >
< span class = "Extracts-plain-syntax" > #< / span > < span class = "Extracts-identifier-syntax" > define< / span > < span class = "Extracts-plain-syntax" > < / span > < span class = "Extracts-identifier-syntax" > I7BYTE_3< / span > < span class = "Extracts-plain-syntax" > (< / span > < span class = "Extracts-identifier-syntax" > V< / span > < span class = "Extracts-plain-syntax" > ) (< / span > < span class = "Extracts-identifier-syntax" > V< / span > < span class = "Extracts-plain-syntax" > & < / span > < span class = "Extracts-constant-syntax" > 0< / span > < span class = "Extracts-identifier-syntax" > x000000FF< / span > < span class = "Extracts-plain-syntax" > )< / span >
2021-08-12 15:50:50 +03:00
< span class = "Extracts-identifier-syntax" > i7val< / span > < span class = "Extracts-plain-syntax" > < / span > < span class = "Extracts-identifier-syntax" > i7_write_word< / span > < span class = "Extracts-plain-syntax" > (< / span > < span class = "Extracts-identifier-syntax" > i7byte< / span > < span class = "Extracts-plain-syntax" > < / span > < span class = "Extracts-identifier-syntax" > data< / span > < span class = "Extracts-plain-syntax" > [], < / span > < span class = "Extracts-identifier-syntax" > i7val< / span > < span class = "Extracts-plain-syntax" > < / span > < span class = "Extracts-identifier-syntax" > array_address< / span > < span class = "Extracts-plain-syntax" > , < / span > < span class = "Extracts-identifier-syntax" > i7val< / span > < span class = "Extracts-plain-syntax" > < / span > < span class = "Extracts-identifier-syntax" > array_index< / span > < span class = "Extracts-plain-syntax" > , < / span > < span class = "Extracts-identifier-syntax" > i7val< / span > < span class = "Extracts-plain-syntax" > < / span > < span class = "Extracts-identifier-syntax" > new_val< / span > < span class = "Extracts-plain-syntax" > , < / span > < span class = "Extracts-identifier-syntax" > int< / span > < span class = "Extracts-plain-syntax" > < / span > < span class = "Extracts-identifier-syntax" > way< / span > < span class = "Extracts-plain-syntax" > ) {< / span >
< span class = "Extracts-plain-syntax" > < / span > < span class = "Extracts-identifier-syntax" > i7val< / span > < span class = "Extracts-plain-syntax" > < / span > < span class = "Extracts-identifier-syntax" > old_val< / span > < span class = "Extracts-plain-syntax" > = < / span > < span class = "Extracts-identifier-syntax" > i7_read_word< / span > < span class = "Extracts-plain-syntax" > (< / span > < span class = "Extracts-identifier-syntax" > data< / span > < span class = "Extracts-plain-syntax" > , < / span > < span class = "Extracts-identifier-syntax" > array_address< / span > < span class = "Extracts-plain-syntax" > , < / span > < span class = "Extracts-identifier-syntax" > array_index< / span > < span class = "Extracts-plain-syntax" > );< / span >
< span class = "Extracts-plain-syntax" > < / span > < span class = "Extracts-identifier-syntax" > i7val< / span > < span class = "Extracts-plain-syntax" > < / span > < span class = "Extracts-identifier-syntax" > return_val< / span > < span class = "Extracts-plain-syntax" > = < / span > < span class = "Extracts-identifier-syntax" > new_val< / span > < span class = "Extracts-plain-syntax" > ;< / span >
< span class = "Extracts-plain-syntax" > < / span > < span class = "Extracts-identifier-syntax" > switch< / span > < span class = "Extracts-plain-syntax" > (< / span > < span class = "Extracts-identifier-syntax" > way< / span > < span class = "Extracts-plain-syntax" > ) {< / span >
2021-08-17 17:55:25 +03:00
< span class = "Extracts-plain-syntax" > < / span > < span class = "Extracts-identifier-syntax" > case< / span > < span class = "Extracts-plain-syntax" > < / span > < span class = "Extracts-identifier-syntax" > i7_lvalue_PREDEC< / span > < span class = "Extracts-plain-syntax" > : < / span > < span class = "Extracts-identifier-syntax" > return_val< / span > < span class = "Extracts-plain-syntax" > = < / span > < span class = "Extracts-identifier-syntax" > old_val< / span > < span class = "Extracts-plain-syntax" > -1; < / span > < span class = "Extracts-identifier-syntax" > new_val< / span > < span class = "Extracts-plain-syntax" > = < / span > < span class = "Extracts-identifier-syntax" > old_val< / span > < span class = "Extracts-plain-syntax" > -1; < / span > < span class = "Extracts-identifier-syntax" > break< / span > < span class = "Extracts-plain-syntax" > ;< / span >
< span class = "Extracts-plain-syntax" > < / span > < span class = "Extracts-identifier-syntax" > case< / span > < span class = "Extracts-plain-syntax" > < / span > < span class = "Extracts-identifier-syntax" > i7_lvalue_POSTDEC< / span > < span class = "Extracts-plain-syntax" > : < / span > < span class = "Extracts-identifier-syntax" > return_val< / span > < span class = "Extracts-plain-syntax" > = < / span > < span class = "Extracts-identifier-syntax" > old_val< / span > < span class = "Extracts-plain-syntax" > ; < / span > < span class = "Extracts-identifier-syntax" > new_val< / span > < span class = "Extracts-plain-syntax" > = < / span > < span class = "Extracts-identifier-syntax" > old_val< / span > < span class = "Extracts-plain-syntax" > -1; < / span > < span class = "Extracts-identifier-syntax" > break< / span > < span class = "Extracts-plain-syntax" > ;< / span >
< span class = "Extracts-plain-syntax" > < / span > < span class = "Extracts-identifier-syntax" > case< / span > < span class = "Extracts-plain-syntax" > < / span > < span class = "Extracts-identifier-syntax" > i7_lvalue_PREINC< / span > < span class = "Extracts-plain-syntax" > : < / span > < span class = "Extracts-identifier-syntax" > return_val< / span > < span class = "Extracts-plain-syntax" > = < / span > < span class = "Extracts-identifier-syntax" > old_val< / span > < span class = "Extracts-plain-syntax" > +1; < / span > < span class = "Extracts-identifier-syntax" > new_val< / span > < span class = "Extracts-plain-syntax" > = < / span > < span class = "Extracts-identifier-syntax" > old_val< / span > < span class = "Extracts-plain-syntax" > +1; < / span > < span class = "Extracts-identifier-syntax" > break< / span > < span class = "Extracts-plain-syntax" > ;< / span >
< span class = "Extracts-plain-syntax" > < / span > < span class = "Extracts-identifier-syntax" > case< / span > < span class = "Extracts-plain-syntax" > < / span > < span class = "Extracts-identifier-syntax" > i7_lvalue_POSTINC< / span > < span class = "Extracts-plain-syntax" > : < / span > < span class = "Extracts-identifier-syntax" > return_val< / span > < span class = "Extracts-plain-syntax" > = < / span > < span class = "Extracts-identifier-syntax" > old_val< / span > < span class = "Extracts-plain-syntax" > ; < / span > < span class = "Extracts-identifier-syntax" > new_val< / span > < span class = "Extracts-plain-syntax" > = < / span > < span class = "Extracts-identifier-syntax" > old_val< / span > < span class = "Extracts-plain-syntax" > +1; < / span > < span class = "Extracts-identifier-syntax" > break< / span > < span class = "Extracts-plain-syntax" > ;< / span >
2021-08-12 15:50:50 +03:00
< span class = "Extracts-plain-syntax" > < / span > < span class = "Extracts-identifier-syntax" > case< / span > < span class = "Extracts-plain-syntax" > < / span > < span class = "Extracts-identifier-syntax" > i7_lvalue_SETBIT< / span > < span class = "Extracts-plain-syntax" > : < / span > < span class = "Extracts-identifier-syntax" > new_val< / span > < span class = "Extracts-plain-syntax" > = < / span > < span class = "Extracts-identifier-syntax" > old_val< / span > < span class = "Extracts-plain-syntax" > | < / span > < span class = "Extracts-identifier-syntax" > new_val< / span > < span class = "Extracts-plain-syntax" > ; < / span > < span class = "Extracts-identifier-syntax" > return_val< / span > < span class = "Extracts-plain-syntax" > = < / span > < span class = "Extracts-identifier-syntax" > new_val< / span > < span class = "Extracts-plain-syntax" > ; < / span > < span class = "Extracts-identifier-syntax" > break< / span > < span class = "Extracts-plain-syntax" > ;< / span >
< span class = "Extracts-plain-syntax" > < / span > < span class = "Extracts-identifier-syntax" > case< / span > < span class = "Extracts-plain-syntax" > < / span > < span class = "Extracts-identifier-syntax" > i7_lvalue_CLEARBIT< / span > < span class = "Extracts-plain-syntax" > : < / span > < span class = "Extracts-identifier-syntax" > new_val< / span > < span class = "Extracts-plain-syntax" > = < / span > < span class = "Extracts-identifier-syntax" > old_val< / span > < span class = "Extracts-plain-syntax" > & (~< / span > < span class = "Extracts-identifier-syntax" > new_val< / span > < span class = "Extracts-plain-syntax" > ); < / span > < span class = "Extracts-identifier-syntax" > return_val< / span > < span class = "Extracts-plain-syntax" > = < / span > < span class = "Extracts-identifier-syntax" > new_val< / span > < span class = "Extracts-plain-syntax" > ; < / span > < span class = "Extracts-identifier-syntax" > break< / span > < span class = "Extracts-plain-syntax" > ;< / span >
< span class = "Extracts-plain-syntax" > }< / span >
< span class = "Extracts-plain-syntax" > < / span > < span class = "Extracts-identifier-syntax" > int< / span > < span class = "Extracts-plain-syntax" > < / span > < span class = "Extracts-identifier-syntax" > byte_position< / span > < span class = "Extracts-plain-syntax" > = < / span > < span class = "Extracts-identifier-syntax" > array_address< / span > < span class = "Extracts-plain-syntax" > + < / span > < span class = "Extracts-constant-syntax" > 4< / span > < span class = "Extracts-plain-syntax" > *< / span > < span class = "Extracts-identifier-syntax" > array_index< / span > < span class = "Extracts-plain-syntax" > ;< / span >
2021-08-19 01:59:31 +03:00
< span class = "Extracts-plain-syntax" > < / span > < span class = "Extracts-identifier-syntax" > if< / span > < span class = "Extracts-plain-syntax" > ((< / span > < span class = "Extracts-identifier-syntax" > byte_position< / span > < span class = "Extracts-plain-syntax" > < < / span > < span class = "Extracts-constant-syntax" > 0< / span > < span class = "Extracts-plain-syntax" > ) || (< / span > < span class = "Extracts-identifier-syntax" > byte_position< / span > < span class = "Extracts-plain-syntax" > > = < / span > < span class = "Extracts-identifier-syntax" > i7_himem< / span > < span class = "Extracts-plain-syntax" > )) {< / span >
< span class = "Extracts-plain-syntax" > < / span > < span class = "Extracts-identifier-syntax" > printf< / span > < span class = "Extracts-plain-syntax" > ("< / span > < span class = "Extracts-identifier-syntax" > Memory< / span > < span class = "Extracts-plain-syntax" > < / span > < span class = "Extracts-identifier-syntax" > access< / span > < span class = "Extracts-plain-syntax" > < / span > < span class = "Extracts-identifier-syntax" > out< / span > < span class = "Extracts-plain-syntax" > < / span > < span class = "Extracts-identifier-syntax" > of< / span > < span class = "Extracts-plain-syntax" > < / span > < span class = "Extracts-identifier-syntax" > range< / span > < span class = "Extracts-plain-syntax" > : %< / span > < span class = "Extracts-identifier-syntax" > d< / span > < span class = "Extracts-plain-syntax" > \< / span > < span class = "Extracts-identifier-syntax" > n< / span > < span class = "Extracts-plain-syntax" > ", < / span > < span class = "Extracts-identifier-syntax" > byte_position< / span > < span class = "Extracts-plain-syntax" > );< / span >
< span class = "Extracts-plain-syntax" > < / span > < span class = "Extracts-identifier-syntax" > i7_fatal_exit< / span > < span class = "Extracts-plain-syntax" > ();< / span >
< span class = "Extracts-plain-syntax" > }< / span >
2021-08-12 15:50:50 +03:00
< span class = "Extracts-plain-syntax" > < / span > < span class = "Extracts-identifier-syntax" > data< / span > < span class = "Extracts-plain-syntax" > [< / span > < span class = "Extracts-identifier-syntax" > byte_position< / span > < span class = "Extracts-plain-syntax" > ] = < / span > < span class = "Extracts-identifier-syntax" > I7BYTE_0< / span > < span class = "Extracts-plain-syntax" > (< / span > < span class = "Extracts-identifier-syntax" > new_val< / span > < span class = "Extracts-plain-syntax" > );< / span >
< span class = "Extracts-plain-syntax" > < / span > < span class = "Extracts-identifier-syntax" > data< / span > < span class = "Extracts-plain-syntax" > [< / span > < span class = "Extracts-identifier-syntax" > byte_position< / span > < span class = "Extracts-plain-syntax" > +1] = < / span > < span class = "Extracts-identifier-syntax" > I7BYTE_1< / span > < span class = "Extracts-plain-syntax" > (< / span > < span class = "Extracts-identifier-syntax" > new_val< / span > < span class = "Extracts-plain-syntax" > );< / span >
< span class = "Extracts-plain-syntax" > < / span > < span class = "Extracts-identifier-syntax" > data< / span > < span class = "Extracts-plain-syntax" > [< / span > < span class = "Extracts-identifier-syntax" > byte_position< / span > < span class = "Extracts-plain-syntax" > +2] = < / span > < span class = "Extracts-identifier-syntax" > I7BYTE_2< / span > < span class = "Extracts-plain-syntax" > (< / span > < span class = "Extracts-identifier-syntax" > new_val< / span > < span class = "Extracts-plain-syntax" > );< / span >
< span class = "Extracts-plain-syntax" > < / span > < span class = "Extracts-identifier-syntax" > data< / span > < span class = "Extracts-plain-syntax" > [< / span > < span class = "Extracts-identifier-syntax" > byte_position< / span > < span class = "Extracts-plain-syntax" > +3] = < / span > < span class = "Extracts-identifier-syntax" > I7BYTE_3< / span > < span class = "Extracts-plain-syntax" > (< / span > < span class = "Extracts-identifier-syntax" > new_val< / span > < span class = "Extracts-plain-syntax" > );< / span >
< span class = "Extracts-plain-syntax" > < / span > < span class = "Extracts-identifier-syntax" > return< / span > < span class = "Extracts-plain-syntax" > < / span > < span class = "Extracts-identifier-syntax" > return_val< / span > < span class = "Extracts-plain-syntax" > ;< / span >
< span class = "Extracts-plain-syntax" > }< / span >
< / pre >
< ul class = "endnotetexts" > < li > This is part of the extract file inform7_clib.h.< / li > < / ul >
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< p class = "commentary firstcommentary" > < a id = "SP7" class = "paragraph-anchor" > < / a > < b > § 7. < / b > A Glulx assembly opcode is provided for fast memory copies:
< / p >
< pre class = "Extracts-displayed-code all-displayed-code code-font" >
< span class = "Extracts-identifier-syntax" > void< / span > < span class = "Extracts-plain-syntax" > < / span > < span class = "Extracts-identifier-syntax" > glulx_mcopy< / span > < span class = "Extracts-plain-syntax" > (< / span > < span class = "Extracts-identifier-syntax" > i7val< / span > < span class = "Extracts-plain-syntax" > < / span > < span class = "Extracts-identifier-syntax" > x< / span > < span class = "Extracts-plain-syntax" > , < / span > < span class = "Extracts-identifier-syntax" > i7val< / span > < span class = "Extracts-plain-syntax" > < / span > < span class = "Extracts-identifier-syntax" > y< / span > < span class = "Extracts-plain-syntax" > , < / span > < span class = "Extracts-identifier-syntax" > i7val< / span > < span class = "Extracts-plain-syntax" > < / span > < span class = "Extracts-identifier-syntax" > z< / span > < span class = "Extracts-plain-syntax" > ) {< / span >
< span class = "Extracts-plain-syntax" > < / span > < span class = "Extracts-identifier-syntax" > if< / span > < span class = "Extracts-plain-syntax" > (< / span > < span class = "Extracts-identifier-syntax" > z< / span > < span class = "Extracts-plain-syntax" > < < / span > < span class = "Extracts-identifier-syntax" > y< / span > < span class = "Extracts-plain-syntax" > )< / span >
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< span class = "Extracts-plain-syntax" > < / span > < span class = "Extracts-identifier-syntax" > for< / span > < span class = "Extracts-plain-syntax" > (< / span > < span class = "Extracts-identifier-syntax" > i7val< / span > < span class = "Extracts-plain-syntax" > < / span > < span class = "Extracts-identifier-syntax" > i< / span > < span class = "Extracts-plain-syntax" > =0; < / span > < span class = "Extracts-identifier-syntax" > i< / span > < span class = "Extracts-plain-syntax" > < < / span > < span class = "Extracts-identifier-syntax" > x< / span > < span class = "Extracts-plain-syntax" > ; < / span > < span class = "Extracts-identifier-syntax" > i< / span > < span class = "Extracts-plain-syntax" > ++) < / span > < span class = "Extracts-identifier-syntax" > i7mem< / span > < span class = "Extracts-plain-syntax" > [< / span > < span class = "Extracts-identifier-syntax" > z< / span > < span class = "Extracts-plain-syntax" > +< / span > < span class = "Extracts-identifier-syntax" > i< / span > < span class = "Extracts-plain-syntax" > ] = < / span > < span class = "Extracts-identifier-syntax" > i7mem< / span > < span class = "Extracts-plain-syntax" > [< / span > < span class = "Extracts-identifier-syntax" > y< / span > < span class = "Extracts-plain-syntax" > +< / span > < span class = "Extracts-identifier-syntax" > i< / span > < span class = "Extracts-plain-syntax" > ];< / span >
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< span class = "Extracts-plain-syntax" > < / span > < span class = "Extracts-identifier-syntax" > else< / span >
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< span class = "Extracts-plain-syntax" > < / span > < span class = "Extracts-identifier-syntax" > for< / span > < span class = "Extracts-plain-syntax" > (< / span > < span class = "Extracts-identifier-syntax" > i7val< / span > < span class = "Extracts-plain-syntax" > < / span > < span class = "Extracts-identifier-syntax" > i< / span > < span class = "Extracts-plain-syntax" > =< / span > < span class = "Extracts-identifier-syntax" > x< / span > < span class = "Extracts-plain-syntax" > -1; < / span > < span class = "Extracts-identifier-syntax" > i< / span > < span class = "Extracts-plain-syntax" > > =0; < / span > < span class = "Extracts-identifier-syntax" > i< / span > < span class = "Extracts-plain-syntax" > --) < / span > < span class = "Extracts-identifier-syntax" > i7mem< / span > < span class = "Extracts-plain-syntax" > [< / span > < span class = "Extracts-identifier-syntax" > z< / span > < span class = "Extracts-plain-syntax" > +< / span > < span class = "Extracts-identifier-syntax" > i< / span > < span class = "Extracts-plain-syntax" > ] = < / span > < span class = "Extracts-identifier-syntax" > i7mem< / span > < span class = "Extracts-plain-syntax" > [< / span > < span class = "Extracts-identifier-syntax" > y< / span > < span class = "Extracts-plain-syntax" > +< / span > < span class = "Extracts-identifier-syntax" > i< / span > < span class = "Extracts-plain-syntax" > ];< / span >
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< span class = "Extracts-plain-syntax" > }< / span >
< span class = "Extracts-identifier-syntax" > void< / span > < span class = "Extracts-plain-syntax" > < / span > < span class = "Extracts-identifier-syntax" > glulx_malloc< / span > < span class = "Extracts-plain-syntax" > (< / span > < span class = "Extracts-identifier-syntax" > i7val< / span > < span class = "Extracts-plain-syntax" > < / span > < span class = "Extracts-identifier-syntax" > x< / span > < span class = "Extracts-plain-syntax" > , < / span > < span class = "Extracts-identifier-syntax" > i7val< / span > < span class = "Extracts-plain-syntax" > < / span > < span class = "Extracts-identifier-syntax" > y< / span > < span class = "Extracts-plain-syntax" > ) {< / span >
< span class = "Extracts-plain-syntax" > < / span > < span class = "Extracts-identifier-syntax" > printf< / span > < span class = "Extracts-plain-syntax" > ("< / span > < span class = "Extracts-identifier-syntax" > Unimplemented< / span > < span class = "Extracts-plain-syntax" > : < / span > < span class = "Extracts-identifier-syntax" > glulx_malloc< / span > < span class = "Extracts-plain-syntax" > .\< / span > < span class = "Extracts-identifier-syntax" > n< / span > < span class = "Extracts-plain-syntax" > ");< / span >
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< span class = "Extracts-plain-syntax" > < / span > < span class = "Extracts-identifier-syntax" > i7_fatal_exit< / span > < span class = "Extracts-plain-syntax" > ();< / span >
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< span class = "Extracts-plain-syntax" > }< / span >
< span class = "Extracts-identifier-syntax" > void< / span > < span class = "Extracts-plain-syntax" > < / span > < span class = "Extracts-identifier-syntax" > glulx_mfree< / span > < span class = "Extracts-plain-syntax" > (< / span > < span class = "Extracts-identifier-syntax" > i7val< / span > < span class = "Extracts-plain-syntax" > < / span > < span class = "Extracts-identifier-syntax" > x< / span > < span class = "Extracts-plain-syntax" > ) {< / span >
< span class = "Extracts-plain-syntax" > < / span > < span class = "Extracts-identifier-syntax" > printf< / span > < span class = "Extracts-plain-syntax" > ("< / span > < span class = "Extracts-identifier-syntax" > Unimplemented< / span > < span class = "Extracts-plain-syntax" > : < / span > < span class = "Extracts-identifier-syntax" > glulx_mfree< / span > < span class = "Extracts-plain-syntax" > .\< / span > < span class = "Extracts-identifier-syntax" > n< / span > < span class = "Extracts-plain-syntax" > ");< / span >
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< span class = "Extracts-plain-syntax" > < / span > < span class = "Extracts-identifier-syntax" > i7_fatal_exit< / span > < span class = "Extracts-plain-syntax" > ();< / span >
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< span class = "Extracts-plain-syntax" > }< / span >
< / pre >
< ul class = "endnotetexts" > < li > This is part of the extract file inform7_clib.h.< / li > < / ul >
< p class = "commentary firstcommentary" > < a id = "SP8" class = "paragraph-anchor" > < / a > < b > § 8. Populating memory with arrays. < / b > Inter supports four sorts of arrays, with behaviour as laid out in this 2x2 grid:
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< / p >
< pre class = "displayed-code all-displayed-code code-font" >
< span class = "plain-syntax" > | entries count 0, 1, 2,... | entry 0 is N, then entries count 1, 2, ..., N< / span >
< span class = "plain-syntax" > -------------+-------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------< / span >
< span class = "plain-syntax" > byte entries | BYTE_ARRAY_FORMAT | BUFFER_ARRAY_FORMAT< / span >
< span class = "plain-syntax" > -------------+-------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------< / span >
< span class = "plain-syntax" > word entries | WORD_ARRAY_FORMAT | TABLE_ARRAY_FORMAT< / span >
< span class = "plain-syntax" > -------------+-------------------------------+-----------------------------------------------< / span >
< / pre >
< pre class = "displayed-code all-displayed-code code-font" >
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< span class = "reserved-syntax" > void< / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > < / span > < span class = "function-syntax" > CMemoryModel::begin_array< / span > < button class = "popup" onclick = "togglePopup('usagePopup5')" > < span class = "comment-syntax" > ?< / span > < span class = "popuptext" id = "usagePopup5" > Usage of < span class = "code-font" > < span class = "function-syntax" > CMemoryModel::begin_array< / span > < / span > :< br / > < a href = "5-cmm.html#SP1" > § 1< / a > < br / > C Global Variables - < a href = "5-cgv.html#SP2" > § 2< / a > < / span > < / button > < span class = "plain-syntax" > (< / span > < span class = "reserved-syntax" > code_generation_target< / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > *< / span > < span class = "identifier-syntax" > cgt< / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > , < / span > < span class = "reserved-syntax" > code_generation< / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > *< / span > < span class = "identifier-syntax" > gen< / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > ,< / span >
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< span class = "plain-syntax" > < / span > < span class = "identifier-syntax" > text_stream< / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > *< / span > < span class = "identifier-syntax" > array_name< / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > , < / span > < span class = "reserved-syntax" > int< / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > < / span > < span class = "identifier-syntax" > format< / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > ) {< / span >
< span class = "plain-syntax" > < / span > < span class = "identifier-syntax" > Str::clear< / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > (< / span > < span class = "identifier-syntax" > C_GEN_DATA< / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > (< / span > < span class = "identifier-syntax" > memdata< / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > .< / span > < span class = "element-syntax" > array_name< / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > ));< / span >
< span class = "plain-syntax" > < / span > < span class = "identifier-syntax" > WRITE_TO< / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > (< / span > < span class = "identifier-syntax" > C_GEN_DATA< / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > (< / span > < span class = "identifier-syntax" > memdata< / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > .< / span > < span class = "element-syntax" > array_name< / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > ), < / span > < span class = "string-syntax" > "%S"< / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > , < / span > < span class = "identifier-syntax" > array_name< / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > );< / span >
< span class = "plain-syntax" > < / span > < span class = "identifier-syntax" > C_GEN_DATA< / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > (< / span > < span class = "identifier-syntax" > memdata< / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > .< / span > < span class = "element-syntax" > entry_count< / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > ) = < / span > < span class = "constant-syntax" > 0< / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > ;< / span >
< span class = "plain-syntax" > < / span > < span class = "identifier-syntax" > text_stream< / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > *< / span > < span class = "identifier-syntax" > format_name< / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > = < / span > < span class = "identifier-syntax" > I< / span > < span class = "string-syntax" > "unknown"< / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > ;< / span >
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< span class = "plain-syntax" > < / span > < span class = "named-paragraph-container code-font" > < a href = "5-cmm.html#SP8_1" class = "named-paragraph-link" > < span class = "named-paragraph" > Work out the format name< / span > < span class = "named-paragraph-number" > 8.1< / span > < / a > < / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > ;< / span >
< span class = "plain-syntax" > < / span > < span class = "named-paragraph-container code-font" > < a href = "5-cmm.html#SP8_2" class = "named-paragraph-link" > < span class = "named-paragraph" > Define a constant for the byte address in memory where the array begins< / span > < span class = "named-paragraph-number" > 8.2< / span > < / a > < / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > ;< / span >
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< span class = "plain-syntax" > < / span > < span class = "reserved-syntax" > if< / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > ((< / span > < span class = "identifier-syntax" > format< / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > == < / span > < span class = "constant-syntax" > TABLE_ARRAY_FORMAT< / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > ) || (< / span > < span class = "identifier-syntax" > format< / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > == < / span > < span class = "constant-syntax" > BUFFER_ARRAY_FORMAT< / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > ))< / span >
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< span class = "plain-syntax" > < / span > < span class = "named-paragraph-container code-font" > < a href = "5-cmm.html#SP8_3" class = "named-paragraph-link" > < span class = "named-paragraph" > Place the extent entry N at index 0< / span > < span class = "named-paragraph-number" > 8.3< / span > < / a > < / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > ;< / span >
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< span class = "plain-syntax" > }< / span >
< / pre >
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< p class = "commentary firstcommentary" > < a id = "SP8_1" class = "paragraph-anchor" > < / a > < b > § 8.1. < / b > < span class = "named-paragraph-container code-font" > < span class = "named-paragraph-defn" > Work out the format name< / span > < span class = "named-paragraph-number" > 8.1< / span > < / span > < span class = "comment-syntax" > =< / span >
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< / p >
< pre class = "displayed-code all-displayed-code code-font" >
< span class = "plain-syntax" > < / span > < span class = "reserved-syntax" > switch< / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > (< / span > < span class = "identifier-syntax" > format< / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > ) {< / span >
< span class = "plain-syntax" > < / span > < span class = "reserved-syntax" > case< / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > < / span > < span class = "identifier-syntax" > BYTE_ARRAY_FORMAT:< / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > < / span > < span class = "identifier-syntax" > format_name< / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > = < / span > < span class = "identifier-syntax" > I< / span > < span class = "string-syntax" > "byte"< / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > ; < / span > < span class = "reserved-syntax" > break< / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > ;< / span >
< span class = "plain-syntax" > < / span > < span class = "reserved-syntax" > case< / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > < / span > < span class = "identifier-syntax" > WORD_ARRAY_FORMAT:< / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > < / span > < span class = "identifier-syntax" > format_name< / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > = < / span > < span class = "identifier-syntax" > I< / span > < span class = "string-syntax" > "word"< / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > ; < / span > < span class = "reserved-syntax" > break< / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > ;< / span >
< span class = "plain-syntax" > < / span > < span class = "reserved-syntax" > case< / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > < / span > < span class = "identifier-syntax" > BUFFER_ARRAY_FORMAT:< / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > < / span > < span class = "identifier-syntax" > format_name< / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > = < / span > < span class = "identifier-syntax" > I< / span > < span class = "string-syntax" > "buffer"< / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > ; < / span > < span class = "reserved-syntax" > break< / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > ;< / span >
< span class = "plain-syntax" > < / span > < span class = "reserved-syntax" > case< / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > < / span > < span class = "identifier-syntax" > TABLE_ARRAY_FORMAT:< / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > < / span > < span class = "identifier-syntax" > format_name< / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > = < / span > < span class = "identifier-syntax" > I< / span > < span class = "string-syntax" > "table"< / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > ; < / span > < span class = "reserved-syntax" > break< / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > ;< / span >
< span class = "plain-syntax" > }< / span >
< / pre >
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< ul class = "endnotetexts" > < li > This code is used in < a href = "5-cmm.html#SP8" > § 8< / a > .< / li > < / ul >
< p class = "commentary firstcommentary" > < a id = "SP8_2" class = "paragraph-anchor" > < / a > < b > § 8.2. < / b > Crucially, the array names are < span class = "extract" > < span class = "extract-syntax" > #define< / span > < / span > constants declared up at the top
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of the source code: they are not variables with pointer types, or something
like that. This means they can legally be used as values elsewhere in < span class = "extract" > < span class = "extract-syntax" > i7mem< / span > < / span > ,
or as initial values of variables, and so on.
< / p >
< p class = "commentary" > Object, class and function names can also legally appear as array entries,
because they too are defined constants, equal to their IDs: see < a href = "5-com.html" class = "internal" > C Object Model< / a > .
< / p >
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< p class = "commentary" > < span class = "named-paragraph-container code-font" > < span class = "named-paragraph-defn" > Define a constant for the byte address in memory where the array begins< / span > < span class = "named-paragraph-number" > 8.2< / span > < / span > < span class = "comment-syntax" > =< / span >
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< / p >
< pre class = "displayed-code all-displayed-code code-font" >
< span class = "plain-syntax" > < / span > < span class = "reserved-syntax" > generated_segment< / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > *< / span > < span class = "identifier-syntax" > saved< / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > = < / span > < a href = "2-cg.html#SP5" class = "function-link" > < span class = "function-syntax" > CodeGen::select< / span > < / a > < span class = "plain-syntax" > (< / span > < span class = "identifier-syntax" > gen< / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > , < / span > < span class = "constant-syntax" > c_predeclarations_I7CGS< / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > );< / span >
< span class = "plain-syntax" > < / span > < span class = "identifier-syntax" > text_stream< / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > *< / span > < span class = "identifier-syntax" > OUT< / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > = < / span > < a href = "2-cg.html#SP7" class = "function-link" > < span class = "function-syntax" > CodeGen::current< / span > < / a > < span class = "plain-syntax" > (< / span > < span class = "identifier-syntax" > gen< / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > );< / span >
< span class = "plain-syntax" > < / span > < span class = "identifier-syntax" > WRITE< / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > (< / span > < span class = "string-syntax" > "#define "< / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > );< / span >
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< span class = "plain-syntax" > < / span > < a href = "5-cnm.html#SP1" class = "function-link" > < span class = "function-syntax" > CNamespace::mangle< / span > < / a > < span class = "plain-syntax" > (< / span > < span class = "identifier-syntax" > cgt< / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > , < / span > < span class = "identifier-syntax" > OUT< / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > , < / span > < span class = "identifier-syntax" > array_name< / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > );< / span >
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< span class = "plain-syntax" > < / span > < span class = "identifier-syntax" > WRITE< / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > (< / span > < span class = "string-syntax" > " %d /* = position in i7mem of %S array %S */\n"< / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > ,< / span >
< span class = "plain-syntax" > < / span > < span class = "identifier-syntax" > C_GEN_DATA< / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > (< / span > < span class = "identifier-syntax" > memdata< / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > .< / span > < span class = "element-syntax" > himem< / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > ), < / span > < span class = "identifier-syntax" > format_name< / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > , < / span > < span class = "identifier-syntax" > array_name< / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > );< / span >
< span class = "plain-syntax" > < / span > < a href = "2-cg.html#SP5" class = "function-link" > < span class = "function-syntax" > CodeGen::deselect< / span > < / a > < span class = "plain-syntax" > (< / span > < span class = "identifier-syntax" > gen< / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > , < / span > < span class = "identifier-syntax" > saved< / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > );< / span >
< / pre >
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< ul class = "endnotetexts" > < li > This code is used in < a href = "5-cmm.html#SP8" > § 8< / a > .< / li > < / ul >
< p class = "commentary firstcommentary" > < a id = "SP8_3" class = "paragraph-anchor" > < / a > < b > § 8.3. < / b > Of course, right now we don't know < span class = "extract" > < span class = "extract-syntax" > N< / span > < / span > , the extent of the array. So we will
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refer to this with a constant like < span class = "extract" > < span class = "extract-syntax" > xt_myarray< / span > < / span > , which we will retrospectively
predefine when the array ends.
< / p >
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< p class = "commentary" > < span class = "named-paragraph-container code-font" > < span class = "named-paragraph-defn" > Place the extent entry N at index 0< / span > < span class = "named-paragraph-number" > 8.3< / span > < / span > < span class = "comment-syntax" > =< / span >
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< / p >
< pre class = "displayed-code all-displayed-code code-font" >
< span class = "plain-syntax" > < / span > < span class = "identifier-syntax" > TEMPORARY_TEXT< / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > (< / span > < span class = "identifier-syntax" > extname< / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > )< / span >
< span class = "plain-syntax" > < / span > < span class = "identifier-syntax" > WRITE_TO< / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > (< / span > < span class = "identifier-syntax" > extname< / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > , < / span > < span class = "string-syntax" > "xt_%S"< / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > , < / span > < span class = "identifier-syntax" > array_name< / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > );< / span >
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< span class = "plain-syntax" > < / span > < a href = "5-cmm.html#SP9" class = "function-link" > < span class = "function-syntax" > CMemoryModel::array_entry< / span > < / a > < span class = "plain-syntax" > (< / span > < span class = "identifier-syntax" > cgt< / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > , < / span > < span class = "identifier-syntax" > gen< / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > , < / span > < span class = "identifier-syntax" > extname< / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > , < / span > < span class = "identifier-syntax" > format< / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > );< / span >
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< span class = "plain-syntax" > < / span > < span class = "identifier-syntax" > DISCARD_TEXT< / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > (< / span > < span class = "identifier-syntax" > extname< / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > )< / span >
< / pre >
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< ul class = "endnotetexts" > < li > This code is used in < a href = "5-cmm.html#SP8" > § 8< / a > .< / li > < / ul >
< p class = "commentary firstcommentary" > < a id = "SP9" class = "paragraph-anchor" > < / a > < b > § 9. < / b > The call to < span class = "extract" > < span class = "extract-syntax" > CMemoryModel::begin_array< / span > < / span > is then followed by a series of calls to:
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< / p >
< pre class = "displayed-code all-displayed-code code-font" >
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< span class = "reserved-syntax" > void< / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > < / span > < span class = "function-syntax" > CMemoryModel::array_entry< / span > < button class = "popup" onclick = "togglePopup('usagePopup6')" > < span class = "comment-syntax" > ?< / span > < span class = "popuptext" id = "usagePopup6" > Usage of < span class = "code-font" > < span class = "function-syntax" > CMemoryModel::array_entry< / span > < / span > :< br / > < a href = "5-cmm.html#SP1" > § 1< / a > , < a href = "5-cmm.html#SP8_3" > § 8.3< / a > , < a href = "5-cmm.html#SP10" > § 10< / a > < br / > C Global Variables - < a href = "5-cgv.html#SP2" > § 2< / a > < / span > < / button > < span class = "plain-syntax" > (< / span > < span class = "reserved-syntax" > code_generation_target< / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > *< / span > < span class = "identifier-syntax" > cgt< / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > , < / span > < span class = "reserved-syntax" > code_generation< / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > *< / span > < span class = "identifier-syntax" > gen< / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > ,< / span >
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< span class = "plain-syntax" > < / span > < span class = "identifier-syntax" > text_stream< / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > *< / span > < span class = "identifier-syntax" > entry< / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > , < / span > < span class = "reserved-syntax" > int< / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > < / span > < span class = "identifier-syntax" > format< / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > ) {< / span >
< span class = "plain-syntax" > < / span > < span class = "reserved-syntax" > generated_segment< / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > *< / span > < span class = "identifier-syntax" > saved< / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > = < / span > < a href = "2-cg.html#SP5" class = "function-link" > < span class = "function-syntax" > CodeGen::select< / span > < / a > < span class = "plain-syntax" > (< / span > < span class = "identifier-syntax" > gen< / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > , < / span > < span class = "constant-syntax" > c_mem_I7CGS< / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > );< / span >
< span class = "plain-syntax" > < / span > < span class = "identifier-syntax" > text_stream< / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > *< / span > < span class = "identifier-syntax" > OUT< / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > = < / span > < a href = "2-cg.html#SP7" class = "function-link" > < span class = "function-syntax" > CodeGen::current< / span > < / a > < span class = "plain-syntax" > (< / span > < span class = "identifier-syntax" > gen< / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > );< / span >
< span class = "plain-syntax" > < / span > < span class = "reserved-syntax" > if< / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > ((< / span > < span class = "identifier-syntax" > format< / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > == < / span > < span class = "constant-syntax" > TABLE_ARRAY_FORMAT< / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > ) || (< / span > < span class = "identifier-syntax" > format< / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > == < / span > < span class = "constant-syntax" > WORD_ARRAY_FORMAT< / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > ))< / span >
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< span class = "plain-syntax" > < / span > < span class = "named-paragraph-container code-font" > < a href = "5-cmm.html#SP9_2" class = "named-paragraph-link" > < span class = "named-paragraph" > This is a word entry< / span > < span class = "named-paragraph-number" > 9.2< / span > < / a > < / span >
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< span class = "plain-syntax" > < / span > < span class = "reserved-syntax" > else< / span >
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< span class = "plain-syntax" > < / span > < span class = "named-paragraph-container code-font" > < a href = "5-cmm.html#SP9_1" class = "named-paragraph-link" > < span class = "named-paragraph" > This is a byte entry< / span > < span class = "named-paragraph-number" > 9.1< / span > < / a > < / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > ;< / span >
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< span class = "plain-syntax" > < / span > < a href = "2-cg.html#SP5" class = "function-link" > < span class = "function-syntax" > CodeGen::deselect< / span > < / a > < span class = "plain-syntax" > (< / span > < span class = "identifier-syntax" > gen< / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > , < / span > < span class = "identifier-syntax" > saved< / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > );< / span >
< span class = "plain-syntax" > < / span > < span class = "identifier-syntax" > C_GEN_DATA< / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > (< / span > < span class = "identifier-syntax" > memdata< / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > .< / span > < span class = "element-syntax" > entry_count< / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > )++;< / span >
< span class = "plain-syntax" > }< / span >
< / pre >
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< p class = "commentary firstcommentary" > < a id = "SP9_1" class = "paragraph-anchor" > < / a > < b > § 9.1. < / b > < span class = "named-paragraph-container code-font" > < span class = "named-paragraph-defn" > This is a byte entry< / span > < span class = "named-paragraph-number" > 9.1< / span > < / span > < span class = "comment-syntax" > =< / span >
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< / p >
< pre class = "displayed-code all-displayed-code code-font" >
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< span class = "plain-syntax" > < / span > < span class = "identifier-syntax" > WRITE< / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > (< / span > < span class = "string-syntax" > " (i7byte) %S, /* %d */\n"< / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > , < / span > < span class = "identifier-syntax" > entry< / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > , < / span > < span class = "identifier-syntax" > C_GEN_DATA< / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > (< / span > < span class = "identifier-syntax" > memdata< / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > .< / span > < span class = "element-syntax" > himem< / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > ));< / span >
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< span class = "plain-syntax" > < / span > < span class = "identifier-syntax" > C_GEN_DATA< / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > (< / span > < span class = "identifier-syntax" > memdata< / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > .< / span > < span class = "element-syntax" > himem< / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > ) += < / span > < span class = "constant-syntax" > 1< / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > ;< / span >
< / pre >
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< ul class = "endnotetexts" > < li > This code is used in < a href = "5-cmm.html#SP9" > § 9< / a > .< / li > < / ul >
< p class = "commentary firstcommentary" > < a id = "SP9_2" class = "paragraph-anchor" > < / a > < b > § 9.2. < / b > Now we see why it was important for < span class = "extract" > < span class = "extract-syntax" > I7BYTE_0< / span > < / span > and so on to be macros: they
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use only arithmetic operations which can be constant-folded by the C compiler,
and therefore if < span class = "extract" > < span class = "extract-syntax" > X< / span > < / span > is a valid constant-context expression in C then so is
< span class = "extract" > < span class = "extract-syntax" > I7BYTE_0(X)< / span > < / span > .
< / p >
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< p class = "commentary" > < span class = "named-paragraph-container code-font" > < span class = "named-paragraph-defn" > This is a word entry< / span > < span class = "named-paragraph-number" > 9.2< / span > < / span > < span class = "comment-syntax" > =< / span >
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< / p >
< pre class = "displayed-code all-displayed-code code-font" >
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< span class = "plain-syntax" > < / span > < span class = "identifier-syntax" > WRITE< / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > (< / span > < span class = "string-syntax" > " I7BYTE_0(%S), I7BYTE_1(%S), I7BYTE_2(%S), I7BYTE_3(%S), /* %d */\n"< / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > ,< / span >
< span class = "plain-syntax" > < / span > < span class = "identifier-syntax" > entry< / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > , < / span > < span class = "identifier-syntax" > entry< / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > , < / span > < span class = "identifier-syntax" > entry< / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > , < / span > < span class = "identifier-syntax" > entry< / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > , < / span > < span class = "identifier-syntax" > C_GEN_DATA< / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > (< / span > < span class = "identifier-syntax" > memdata< / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > .< / span > < span class = "element-syntax" > himem< / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > ));< / span >
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< span class = "plain-syntax" > < / span > < span class = "identifier-syntax" > C_GEN_DATA< / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > (< / span > < span class = "identifier-syntax" > memdata< / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > .< / span > < span class = "element-syntax" > himem< / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > ) += < / span > < span class = "constant-syntax" > 4< / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > ;< / span >
< / pre >
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< ul class = "endnotetexts" > < li > This code is used in < a href = "5-cmm.html#SP9" > § 9< / a > .< / li > < / ul >
< p class = "commentary firstcommentary" > < a id = "SP10" class = "paragraph-anchor" > < / a > < b > § 10. < / b > Alternatively, we can just specify how many entries there will be: they will
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then be initialised to 0.
< / p >
< pre class = "displayed-code all-displayed-code code-font" >
< span class = "reserved-syntax" > void< / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > < / span > < span class = "function-syntax" > CMemoryModel::array_entries< / span > < button class = "popup" onclick = "togglePopup('usagePopup7')" > < span class = "comment-syntax" > ?< / span > < span class = "popuptext" id = "usagePopup7" > Usage of < span class = "code-font" > < span class = "function-syntax" > CMemoryModel::array_entries< / span > < / span > :< br / > < a href = "5-cmm.html#SP1" > § 1< / a > < / span > < / button > < span class = "plain-syntax" > (< / span > < span class = "reserved-syntax" > code_generation_target< / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > *< / span > < span class = "identifier-syntax" > cgt< / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > , < / span > < span class = "reserved-syntax" > code_generation< / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > *< / span > < span class = "identifier-syntax" > gen< / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > ,< / span >
< span class = "plain-syntax" > < / span > < span class = "reserved-syntax" > int< / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > < / span > < span class = "identifier-syntax" > how_many< / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > , < / span > < span class = "reserved-syntax" > int< / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > < / span > < span class = "identifier-syntax" > plus_ips< / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > , < / span > < span class = "reserved-syntax" > int< / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > < / span > < span class = "identifier-syntax" > format< / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > ) {< / span >
< span class = "plain-syntax" > < / span > < span class = "reserved-syntax" > if< / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > (< / span > < span class = "identifier-syntax" > plus_ips< / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > ) < / span > < span class = "identifier-syntax" > how_many< / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > += < / span > < span class = "constant-syntax" > 64< / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > ;< / span >
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< span class = "plain-syntax" > < / span > < span class = "reserved-syntax" > for< / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > (< / span > < span class = "reserved-syntax" > int< / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > < / span > < span class = "identifier-syntax" > i< / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > =0; < / span > < span class = "identifier-syntax" > i< / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > < < / span > < span class = "identifier-syntax" > how_many< / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > ; < / span > < span class = "identifier-syntax" > i< / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > ++) < / span > < a href = "5-cmm.html#SP9" class = "function-link" > < span class = "function-syntax" > CMemoryModel::array_entry< / span > < / a > < span class = "plain-syntax" > (< / span > < span class = "identifier-syntax" > cgt< / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > , < / span > < span class = "identifier-syntax" > gen< / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > , < / span > < span class = "identifier-syntax" > I< / span > < span class = "string-syntax" > "0"< / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > , < / span > < span class = "identifier-syntax" > format< / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > );< / span >
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< span class = "plain-syntax" > }< / span >
< / pre >
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< p class = "commentary firstcommentary" > < a id = "SP11" class = "paragraph-anchor" > < / a > < b > § 11. < / b > When all the entries have been placed, the following is called. It does nothing
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except to predeclare the extent constant, if one was used.
< / p >
< pre class = "displayed-code all-displayed-code code-font" >
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< span class = "reserved-syntax" > void< / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > < / span > < span class = "function-syntax" > CMemoryModel::end_array< / span > < button class = "popup" onclick = "togglePopup('usagePopup8')" > < span class = "comment-syntax" > ?< / span > < span class = "popuptext" id = "usagePopup8" > Usage of < span class = "code-font" > < span class = "function-syntax" > CMemoryModel::end_array< / span > < / span > :< br / > < a href = "5-cmm.html#SP1" > § 1< / a > < br / > C Global Variables - < a href = "5-cgv.html#SP2" > § 2< / a > < / span > < / button > < span class = "plain-syntax" > (< / span > < span class = "reserved-syntax" > code_generation_target< / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > *< / span > < span class = "identifier-syntax" > cgt< / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > , < / span > < span class = "reserved-syntax" > code_generation< / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > *< / span > < span class = "identifier-syntax" > gen< / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > , < / span > < span class = "reserved-syntax" > int< / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > < / span > < span class = "identifier-syntax" > format< / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > ) {< / span >
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< span class = "plain-syntax" > < / span > < span class = "reserved-syntax" > if< / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > ((< / span > < span class = "identifier-syntax" > format< / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > == < / span > < span class = "constant-syntax" > TABLE_ARRAY_FORMAT< / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > ) || (< / span > < span class = "identifier-syntax" > format< / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > == < / span > < span class = "constant-syntax" > BUFFER_ARRAY_FORMAT< / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > )) {< / span >
< span class = "plain-syntax" > < / span > < span class = "reserved-syntax" > generated_segment< / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > *< / span > < span class = "identifier-syntax" > saved< / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > = < / span > < a href = "2-cg.html#SP5" class = "function-link" > < span class = "function-syntax" > CodeGen::select< / span > < / a > < span class = "plain-syntax" > (< / span > < span class = "identifier-syntax" > gen< / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > , < / span > < span class = "constant-syntax" > c_predeclarations_I7CGS< / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > );< / span >
< span class = "plain-syntax" > < / span > < span class = "identifier-syntax" > text_stream< / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > *< / span > < span class = "identifier-syntax" > OUT< / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > = < / span > < a href = "2-cg.html#SP7" class = "function-link" > < span class = "function-syntax" > CodeGen::current< / span > < / a > < span class = "plain-syntax" > (< / span > < span class = "identifier-syntax" > gen< / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > );< / span >
< span class = "plain-syntax" > < / span > < span class = "identifier-syntax" > WRITE< / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > (< / span > < span class = "string-syntax" > "#define xt_%S %d\n"< / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > ,< / span >
< span class = "plain-syntax" > < / span > < span class = "identifier-syntax" > C_GEN_DATA< / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > (< / span > < span class = "identifier-syntax" > memdata< / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > .< / span > < span class = "element-syntax" > array_name< / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > ), < / span > < span class = "identifier-syntax" > C_GEN_DATA< / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > (< / span > < span class = "identifier-syntax" > memdata< / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > .< / span > < span class = "element-syntax" > entry_count< / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > )-1);< / span >
< span class = "plain-syntax" > < / span > < a href = "2-cg.html#SP5" class = "function-link" > < span class = "function-syntax" > CodeGen::deselect< / span > < / a > < span class = "plain-syntax" > (< / span > < span class = "identifier-syntax" > gen< / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > , < / span > < span class = "identifier-syntax" > saved< / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > );< / span >
< span class = "plain-syntax" > }< / span >
< span class = "plain-syntax" > }< / span >
< / pre >
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< p class = "commentary firstcommentary" > < a id = "SP12" class = "paragraph-anchor" > < / a > < b > § 12. Primitives for byte and word lookup. < / b > The signatures here are:
2021-08-12 15:50:50 +03:00
< / p >
< pre class = "displayed-code all-displayed-code code-font" >
< span class = "plain-syntax" > primitive !lookup val val -> val< / span >
< span class = "plain-syntax" > primitive !lookupbyte val val -> val< / span >
< / pre >
< pre class = "displayed-code all-displayed-code code-font" >
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< span class = "reserved-syntax" > int< / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > < / span > < span class = "function-syntax" > CMemoryModel::handle_store_by_ref< / span > < button class = "popup" onclick = "togglePopup('usagePopup9')" > < span class = "comment-syntax" > ?< / span > < span class = "popuptext" id = "usagePopup9" > Usage of < span class = "code-font" > < span class = "function-syntax" > CMemoryModel::handle_store_by_ref< / span > < / span > :< br / > C References - < a href = "5-crf.html#SP4_1" > § 4.1< / a > < / span > < / button > < span class = "plain-syntax" > (< / span > < span class = "reserved-syntax" > code_generation< / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > *< / span > < span class = "identifier-syntax" > gen< / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > , < / span > < span class = "identifier-syntax" > inter_tree_node< / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > *< / span > < span class = "identifier-syntax" > ref< / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > ) {< / span >
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< span class = "plain-syntax" > < / span > < span class = "reserved-syntax" > if< / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > (< / span > < a href = "2-cal.html#SP3" class = "function-link" > < span class = "function-syntax" > CodeGen::CL::node_is_ref_to< / span > < / a > < span class = "plain-syntax" > (< / span > < span class = "identifier-syntax" > gen< / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > -> < / span > < span class = "element-syntax" > from< / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > , < / span > < span class = "identifier-syntax" > ref< / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > , < / span > < span class = "identifier-syntax" > LOOKUP_BIP< / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > )) < / span > < span class = "reserved-syntax" > return< / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > < / span > < span class = "identifier-syntax" > TRUE< / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > ;< / span >
< span class = "plain-syntax" > < / span > < span class = "reserved-syntax" > return< / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > < / span > < span class = "identifier-syntax" > FALSE< / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > ;< / span >
< span class = "plain-syntax" > }< / span >
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< span class = "reserved-syntax" > int< / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > < / span > < span class = "function-syntax" > CMemoryModel::compile_primitive< / span > < button class = "popup" onclick = "togglePopup('usagePopup10')" > < span class = "comment-syntax" > ?< / span > < span class = "popuptext" id = "usagePopup10" > Usage of < span class = "code-font" > < span class = "function-syntax" > CMemoryModel::compile_primitive< / span > < / span > :< br / > C Program Control - < a href = "5-cpc.html#SP1" > § 1< / a > < / span > < / button > < span class = "plain-syntax" > (< / span > < span class = "reserved-syntax" > code_generation< / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > *< / span > < span class = "identifier-syntax" > gen< / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > , < / span > < span class = "identifier-syntax" > inter_ti< / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > < / span > < span class = "identifier-syntax" > bip< / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > , < / span > < span class = "identifier-syntax" > inter_tree_node< / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > *< / span > < span class = "identifier-syntax" > P< / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > ) {< / span >
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< span class = "plain-syntax" > < / span > < span class = "identifier-syntax" > text_stream< / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > *< / span > < span class = "identifier-syntax" > OUT< / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > = < / span > < a href = "2-cg.html#SP7" class = "function-link" > < span class = "function-syntax" > CodeGen::current< / span > < / a > < span class = "plain-syntax" > (< / span > < span class = "identifier-syntax" > gen< / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > );< / span >
< span class = "plain-syntax" > < / span > < span class = "reserved-syntax" > switch< / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > (< / span > < span class = "identifier-syntax" > bip< / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > ) {< / span >
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< span class = "plain-syntax" > < / span > < span class = "reserved-syntax" > case< / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > < / span > < span class = "identifier-syntax" > LOOKUP_BIP:< / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > < / span > < span class = "reserved-syntax" > if< / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > (< / span > < a href = "5-crf.html#SP3" class = "function-link" > < span class = "function-syntax" > CReferences::am_I_a_ref< / span > < / a > < span class = "plain-syntax" > (< / span > < span class = "identifier-syntax" > gen< / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > )) < / span > < span class = "named-paragraph-container code-font" > < a href = "5-cmm.html#SP12_2" class = "named-paragraph-link" > < span class = "named-paragraph" > Word value as reference< / span > < span class = "named-paragraph-number" > 12.2< / span > < / a > < / span >
< span class = "plain-syntax" > < / span > < span class = "reserved-syntax" > else< / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > < / span > < span class = "named-paragraph-container code-font" > < a href = "5-cmm.html#SP12_1" class = "named-paragraph-link" > < span class = "named-paragraph" > Word value as value< / span > < span class = "named-paragraph-number" > 12.1< / span > < / a > < / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > ;< / span >
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< span class = "plain-syntax" > < / span > < span class = "reserved-syntax" > break< / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > ;< / span >
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< span class = "plain-syntax" > < / span > < span class = "reserved-syntax" > case< / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > < / span > < span class = "identifier-syntax" > LOOKUPBYTE_BIP:< / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > < / span > < span class = "named-paragraph-container code-font" > < a href = "5-cmm.html#SP12_3" class = "named-paragraph-link" > < span class = "named-paragraph" > Byte value as value< / span > < span class = "named-paragraph-number" > 12.3< / span > < / a > < / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > ; < / span > < span class = "reserved-syntax" > break< / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > ;< / span >
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< span class = "plain-syntax" > < / span > < span class = "identifier-syntax" > default:< / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > < / span > < span class = "reserved-syntax" > return< / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > < / span > < span class = "identifier-syntax" > NOT_APPLICABLE< / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > ;< / span >
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< span class = "plain-syntax" > }< / span >
< span class = "plain-syntax" > < / span > < span class = "reserved-syntax" > return< / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > < / span > < span class = "identifier-syntax" > FALSE< / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > ;< / span >
< span class = "plain-syntax" > }< / span >
< / pre >
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< p class = "commentary firstcommentary" > < a id = "SP12_1" class = "paragraph-anchor" > < / a > < b > § 12.1. < / b > < span class = "named-paragraph-container code-font" > < span class = "named-paragraph-defn" > Word value as value< / span > < span class = "named-paragraph-number" > 12.1< / span > < / span > < span class = "comment-syntax" > =< / span >
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< / p >
< pre class = "displayed-code all-displayed-code code-font" >
< span class = "plain-syntax" > < / span > < span class = "identifier-syntax" > WRITE< / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > (< / span > < span class = "string-syntax" > "i7_read_word(i7mem, "< / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > ); < / span > < span class = "constant-syntax" > INV_A1< / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > ; < / span > < span class = "identifier-syntax" > WRITE< / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > (< / span > < span class = "string-syntax" > ", "< / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > ); < / span > < span class = "constant-syntax" > INV_A2< / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > ; < / span > < span class = "identifier-syntax" > WRITE< / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > (< / span > < span class = "string-syntax" > ")"< / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > );< / span >
< / pre >
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< ul class = "endnotetexts" > < li > This code is used in < a href = "5-cmm.html#SP12" > § 12< / a > .< / li > < / ul >
< p class = "commentary firstcommentary" > < a id = "SP12_2" class = "paragraph-anchor" > < / a > < b > § 12.2. < / b > < span class = "named-paragraph-container code-font" > < span class = "named-paragraph-defn" > Word value as reference< / span > < span class = "named-paragraph-number" > 12.2< / span > < / span > < span class = "comment-syntax" > =< / span >
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< / p >
< pre class = "displayed-code all-displayed-code code-font" >
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< span class = "plain-syntax" > < / span > < span class = "identifier-syntax" > WRITE< / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > (< / span > < span class = "string-syntax" > "i7_write_word(i7mem, "< / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > ); < / span > < span class = "constant-syntax" > INV_A1< / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > ; < / span > < span class = "identifier-syntax" > WRITE< / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > (< / span > < span class = "string-syntax" > ", "< / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > ); < / span > < span class = "constant-syntax" > INV_A2< / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > ; < / span > < span class = "identifier-syntax" > WRITE< / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > (< / span > < span class = "string-syntax" > ", "< / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > );< / span >
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< / pre >
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< ul class = "endnotetexts" > < li > This code is used in < a href = "5-cmm.html#SP12" > § 12< / a > .< / li > < / ul >
< p class = "commentary firstcommentary" > < a id = "SP12_3" class = "paragraph-anchor" > < / a > < b > § 12.3. < / b > < span class = "named-paragraph-container code-font" > < span class = "named-paragraph-defn" > Byte value as value< / span > < span class = "named-paragraph-number" > 12.3< / span > < / span > < span class = "comment-syntax" > =< / span >
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< / p >
< pre class = "displayed-code all-displayed-code code-font" >
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< span class = "plain-syntax" > < / span > < span class = "identifier-syntax" > WRITE< / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > (< / span > < span class = "string-syntax" > "i7mem["< / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > ); < / span > < span class = "constant-syntax" > INV_A1< / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > ; < / span > < span class = "identifier-syntax" > WRITE< / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > (< / span > < span class = "string-syntax" > " + "< / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > ); < / span > < span class = "constant-syntax" > INV_A2< / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > ; < / span > < span class = "identifier-syntax" > WRITE< / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > (< / span > < span class = "string-syntax" > "]"< / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > );< / span >
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< / pre >
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< ul class = "endnotetexts" > < li > This code is used in < a href = "5-cmm.html#SP12" > § 12< / a > .< / li > < / ul >
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< nav role = "progress" > < div class = "progresscontainer" >
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< / nav > <!-- End of weave -->
< / main >
< / body >
< / html >
