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Further work on linguistics
2020-06-29 16:28:21 +03:00
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<ul class="crumbs"><li><a href="../index.html">Home</a></li><li><a href="../compiler.html">Services</a></li><li><a href="index.html">inflections</a></li><li><a href="index.html#3">Chapter 3: Declension and Conjugation</a></li><li><b>Lexical Clusters</b></li></ul></div>
<p class="purpose">Lexical clusters are sets of noun or adjective forms, perhaps multiple or in multiple languages, which have in common that they share a meaning.</p>
<ul class="toc"><li><a href="3-lc2.html#SP1">&#167;1. Cluster</a></li><li><a href="3-lc2.html#SP5">&#167;5. Plural fixing</a></li><li><a href="3-lc2.html#SP6">&#167;6. Searching declensions</a></li></ul><hr class="tocbar">
<p class="commentary firstcommentary"><a id="SP1"></a><b>&#167;1. Cluster. </b>A cluster is a linked list of "forms", annotated with lingistic roles. For
example, the cluster of forms for the common noun "man" might be:
</p>
<blockquote>
<p>man (En, singular), men (En, plural), homme (Fr, singular), hommes (Fr, plural)</p>
</blockquote>
<p class="commentary">We would call each of these four an "individual form" of the cluster. Each can
in fact consist of multiple wordings, inflected into different cases, but
in English this doesn't really show.
</p>
<p class="commentary">While this perhaps looks a little unstructured, that means that it doesn't
impose many assumptions about the language. A similarly pragmatic view is taken
by the XML frameworks used in the Lexical Markup Framework standard ISO 24613,
which it would be fairly easy to convert our <a href="3-lc2.html#SP1" class="internal">lexical_cluster</a> objects to.
</p>
<pre class="displayed-code all-displayed-code code-font">
<span class="reserved-syntax">typedef</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="reserved-syntax">struct</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="reserved-syntax">lexical_cluster</span><span class="plain-syntax"> {</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="reserved-syntax">struct</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">linked_list</span><span class="plain-syntax"> *</span><span class="identifier-syntax">listed</span><span class="plain-syntax">; </span><span class="comment-syntax"> of </span><span class="extract"><span class="extract-syntax">individual_form</span></span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">CLASS_DEFINITION</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">} </span><span class="reserved-syntax">lexical_cluster</span><span class="plain-syntax">;</span>
<span class="reserved-syntax">typedef</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="reserved-syntax">struct</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="reserved-syntax">individual_form</span><span class="plain-syntax"> {</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="reserved-syntax">struct</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="reserved-syntax">declension</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">declined</span><span class="plain-syntax">; </span><span class="comment-syntax"> text of form</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="reserved-syntax">int</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">form_number</span><span class="plain-syntax">; </span><span class="comment-syntax"> 1 for singular, 2 for plural</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="reserved-syntax">int</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">form_gender</span><span class="plain-syntax">; </span><span class="comment-syntax"> 1 is neuter, 2 is masculine, 3 is feminine</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">NATURAL_LANGUAGE_WORDS_TYPE</span><span class="plain-syntax"> *</span><span class="identifier-syntax">form_language</span><span class="plain-syntax">;</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">CLASS_DEFINITION</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">} </span><span class="reserved-syntax">individual_form</span><span class="plain-syntax">;</span>
</pre>
<ul class="endnotetexts"><li>The structure lexical_cluster is private to this section.</li><li>The structure individual_form is private to this section.</li></ul>
<p class="commentary firstcommentary"><a id="SP2"></a><b>&#167;2. </b>A cluster begins empty.
</p>
<pre class="displayed-code all-displayed-code code-font">
<span class="reserved-syntax">lexical_cluster</span><span class="plain-syntax"> *</span><span class="function-syntax">Clusters::new</span><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="reserved-syntax">void</span><span class="plain-syntax">) {</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="reserved-syntax">lexical_cluster</span><span class="plain-syntax"> *</span><span class="identifier-syntax">forms</span><span class="plain-syntax"> = </span><span class="identifier-syntax">CREATE</span><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="reserved-syntax">lexical_cluster</span><span class="plain-syntax">);</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">forms</span><span class="plain-syntax">-&gt;</span><span class="identifier-syntax">listed</span><span class="plain-syntax"> = </span><span class="identifier-syntax">NEW_LINKED_LIST</span><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="reserved-syntax">individual_form</span><span class="plain-syntax">);</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="reserved-syntax">return</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">forms</span><span class="plain-syntax">;</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">}</span>
</pre>
<p class="commentary firstcommentary"><a id="SP3"></a><b>&#167;3. </b>The following can add either a single form, or a form and its plural(s):
</p>
<pre class="displayed-code all-displayed-code code-font">
<span class="reserved-syntax">individual_form</span><span class="plain-syntax"> *</span><span class="function-syntax">Clusters::add_one</span><button class="popup" onclick="togglePopup('usagePopup1')"><span class="comment-syntax">?</span><span class="popuptext" id="usagePopup1">Usage of <span class="code-font"><span class="function-syntax">Clusters::add_one</span></span>:<br/><a href="3-lc2.html#SP3_1">&#167;3.1</a></span></button><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="reserved-syntax">lexical_cluster</span><span class="plain-syntax"> *</span><span class="identifier-syntax">forms</span><span class="plain-syntax">, </span><span class="identifier-syntax">wording</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">W</span><span class="plain-syntax">,</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">NATURAL_LANGUAGE_WORDS_TYPE</span><span class="plain-syntax"> *</span><span class="identifier-syntax">nl</span><span class="plain-syntax">, </span><span class="reserved-syntax">int</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">gender</span><span class="plain-syntax">, </span><span class="reserved-syntax">int</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">number</span><span class="plain-syntax">) {</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">nl</span><span class="plain-syntax"> = </span><a href="4-dl.html#SP1" class="function-link"><span class="function-syntax">DefaultLanguage::get</span></a><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">nl</span><span class="plain-syntax">);</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="reserved-syntax">individual_form</span><span class="plain-syntax"> *</span><span class="identifier-syntax">in</span><span class="plain-syntax"> = </span><span class="identifier-syntax">CREATE</span><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="reserved-syntax">individual_form</span><span class="plain-syntax">);</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">in</span><span class="plain-syntax">-&gt;</span><span class="element-syntax">declined</span><span class="plain-syntax"> = </span><a href="3-dcl.html#SP5" class="function-link"><span class="function-syntax">Declensions::of_noun</span></a><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">W</span><span class="plain-syntax">, </span><span class="identifier-syntax">nl</span><span class="plain-syntax">, </span><span class="identifier-syntax">gender</span><span class="plain-syntax">, </span><span class="identifier-syntax">number</span><span class="plain-syntax">);</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">in</span><span class="plain-syntax">-&gt;</span><span class="element-syntax">form_language</span><span class="plain-syntax"> = </span><span class="identifier-syntax">nl</span><span class="plain-syntax">;</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">in</span><span class="plain-syntax">-&gt;</span><span class="element-syntax">form_number</span><span class="plain-syntax"> = </span><span class="identifier-syntax">number</span><span class="plain-syntax">;</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">in</span><span class="plain-syntax">-&gt;</span><span class="element-syntax">form_gender</span><span class="plain-syntax"> = </span><span class="identifier-syntax">gender</span><span class="plain-syntax">;</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">ADD_TO_LINKED_LIST</span><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">in</span><span class="plain-syntax">, </span><span class="reserved-syntax">individual_form</span><span class="plain-syntax">, </span><span class="identifier-syntax">forms</span><span class="plain-syntax">-&gt;</span><span class="element-syntax">listed</span><span class="plain-syntax">);</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="reserved-syntax">return</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">in</span><span class="plain-syntax">;</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">}</span>
<span class="identifier-syntax">linked_list</span><span class="plain-syntax"> *</span><span class="function-syntax">Clusters::add</span><button class="popup" onclick="togglePopup('usagePopup2')"><span class="comment-syntax">?</span><span class="popuptext" id="usagePopup2">Usage of <span class="code-font"><span class="function-syntax">Clusters::add</span></span>:<br/><a href="3-lc2.html#SP4">&#167;4</a>, <a href="3-lc2.html#SP4_1">&#167;4.1</a>, <a href="3-lc2.html#SP5">&#167;5</a></span></button><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="reserved-syntax">lexical_cluster</span><span class="plain-syntax"> *</span><span class="identifier-syntax">forms</span><span class="plain-syntax">, </span><span class="identifier-syntax">wording</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">W</span><span class="plain-syntax">,</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">NATURAL_LANGUAGE_WORDS_TYPE</span><span class="plain-syntax"> *</span><span class="identifier-syntax">nl</span><span class="plain-syntax">, </span><span class="reserved-syntax">int</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">gender</span><span class="plain-syntax">, </span><span class="reserved-syntax">int</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">number</span><span class="plain-syntax">, </span><span class="reserved-syntax">int</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">pluralise</span><span class="plain-syntax">) {</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">linked_list</span><span class="plain-syntax"> *</span><span class="identifier-syntax">L</span><span class="plain-syntax"> = </span><span class="identifier-syntax">NEW_LINKED_LIST</span><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="reserved-syntax">individual_form</span><span class="plain-syntax">);</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="reserved-syntax">individual_form</span><span class="plain-syntax"> *</span><span class="identifier-syntax">in</span><span class="plain-syntax"> = </span><a href="3-lc2.html#SP3" class="function-link"><span class="function-syntax">Clusters::add_one</span></a><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">forms</span><span class="plain-syntax">, </span><span class="identifier-syntax">W</span><span class="plain-syntax">, </span><span class="identifier-syntax">nl</span><span class="plain-syntax">, </span><span class="identifier-syntax">gender</span><span class="plain-syntax">, </span><span class="identifier-syntax">number</span><span class="plain-syntax">);</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">ADD_TO_LINKED_LIST</span><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">in</span><span class="plain-syntax">, </span><span class="reserved-syntax">individual_form</span><span class="plain-syntax">, </span><span class="identifier-syntax">L</span><span class="plain-syntax">);</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="reserved-syntax">if</span><span class="plain-syntax"> ((</span><span class="identifier-syntax">pluralise</span><span class="plain-syntax">) &amp;&amp; (</span><span class="identifier-syntax">number</span><span class="plain-syntax"> == </span><span class="constant-syntax">1</span><span class="plain-syntax">))</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="named-paragraph-container code-font"><a href="3-lc2.html#SP3_1" class="named-paragraph-link"><span class="named-paragraph">Add plural forms as well</span><span class="named-paragraph-number">3.1</span></a></span><span class="plain-syntax">;</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="reserved-syntax">return</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">L</span><span class="plain-syntax">;</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">}</span>
</pre>
<p class="commentary firstcommentary"><a id="SP3_1"></a><b>&#167;3.1. </b>The following makes all possible plurals and registers those too. (Note
that every instance gets a plural form: even something palpably unique, like
"the Koh-i-Noor diamond".) The plural dictionary supports multiple plurals,
so there may be any number of forms registered: for instance, the kind
"person" is registered with plurals "persons" and "people".
</p>
<p class="commentary"><span class="named-paragraph-container code-font"><span class="named-paragraph-defn">Add plural forms as well</span><span class="named-paragraph-number">3.1</span></span><span class="comment-syntax"> =</span>
</p>
<pre class="displayed-code all-displayed-code code-font">
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="reserved-syntax">plural_dictionary_entry</span><span class="plain-syntax"> *</span><span class="identifier-syntax">pde</span><span class="plain-syntax"> = </span><span class="identifier-syntax">NULL</span><span class="plain-syntax">;</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="reserved-syntax">int</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">k</span><span class="plain-syntax"> = </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="plain-syntax">;</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="reserved-syntax">do</span><span class="plain-syntax"> {</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">k</span><span class="plain-syntax">++;</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">wording</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">PW</span><span class="plain-syntax"> = </span><span class="identifier-syntax">EMPTY_WORDING</span><span class="plain-syntax">;</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">pde</span><span class="plain-syntax"> = </span><a href="2-plr.html#SP3" class="function-link"><span class="function-syntax">Pluralisation::make</span></a><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">W</span><span class="plain-syntax">, &amp;</span><span class="identifier-syntax">PW</span><span class="plain-syntax">, </span><span class="identifier-syntax">pde</span><span class="plain-syntax">, </span><span class="identifier-syntax">nl</span><span class="plain-syntax">);</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="reserved-syntax">if</span><span class="plain-syntax"> (</span><span class="identifier-syntax">Wordings::nonempty</span><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">PW</span><span class="plain-syntax">)) {</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">LOGIF</span><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">CONSTRUCTED_PLURALS</span><span class="plain-syntax">, </span><span class="string-syntax">"(%d) Plural of &lt;%W&gt;: &lt;%W&gt;\n"</span><span class="plain-syntax">, </span><span class="identifier-syntax">k</span><span class="plain-syntax">, </span><span class="identifier-syntax">W</span><span class="plain-syntax">, </span><span class="identifier-syntax">PW</span><span class="plain-syntax">);</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="reserved-syntax">individual_form</span><span class="plain-syntax"> *</span><span class="identifier-syntax">in</span><span class="plain-syntax"> = </span><a href="3-lc2.html#SP3" class="function-link"><span class="function-syntax">Clusters::add_one</span></a><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">forms</span><span class="plain-syntax">, </span><span class="identifier-syntax">PW</span><span class="plain-syntax">, </span><span class="identifier-syntax">nl</span><span class="plain-syntax">, </span><span class="identifier-syntax">gender</span><span class="plain-syntax">, </span><span class="constant-syntax">2</span><span class="plain-syntax">);</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">ADD_TO_LINKED_LIST</span><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">in</span><span class="plain-syntax">, </span><span class="reserved-syntax">individual_form</span><span class="plain-syntax">, </span><span class="identifier-syntax">L</span><span class="plain-syntax">);</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> }</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> } </span><span class="reserved-syntax">while</span><span class="plain-syntax"> (</span><span class="identifier-syntax">pde</span><span class="plain-syntax">);</span>
</pre>
<ul class="endnotetexts"><li>This code is used in <a href="3-lc2.html#SP3">&#167;3</a>.</li></ul>
<p class="commentary firstcommentary"><a id="SP4"></a><b>&#167;4. </b>The following is more suited to adjectives, or to words which are used
adjectivally, such as past participles in French. This time we generate all
possible gender and number agreements &mdash; except in English, where no variation
occurs: please don't argue about blond/blonde.
</p>
<p class="commentary">GNA is a traditional Inform term, standing for "gender-number-animation".
At run time, it's an integer from 0 to 11 which encodes all possible
combinations. Here we only work through six, ignoring animation:
</p>
<pre class="displayed-code all-displayed-code code-font">
<span class="reserved-syntax">void</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="function-syntax">Clusters::add_with_agreements</span><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="reserved-syntax">lexical_cluster</span><span class="plain-syntax"> *</span><span class="identifier-syntax">cl</span><span class="plain-syntax">, </span><span class="identifier-syntax">wording</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">W</span><span class="plain-syntax">,</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">NATURAL_LANGUAGE_WORDS_TYPE</span><span class="plain-syntax"> *</span><span class="identifier-syntax">nl</span><span class="plain-syntax">) {</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">nl</span><span class="plain-syntax"> = </span><a href="4-dl.html#SP1" class="function-link"><span class="function-syntax">DefaultLanguage::get</span></a><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">nl</span><span class="plain-syntax">);</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="reserved-syntax">if</span><span class="plain-syntax"> (</span><span class="identifier-syntax">nl</span><span class="plain-syntax"> == </span><a href="4-dl.html#SP1" class="function-link"><span class="function-syntax">DefaultLanguage::get</span></a><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">NULL</span><span class="plain-syntax">))</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><a href="3-lc2.html#SP3" class="function-link"><span class="function-syntax">Clusters::add</span></a><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">cl</span><span class="plain-syntax">, </span><span class="identifier-syntax">W</span><span class="plain-syntax">, </span><span class="identifier-syntax">nl</span><span class="plain-syntax">, </span><span class="constant-syntax">NEUTER_GENDER</span><span class="plain-syntax">, </span><span class="constant-syntax">1</span><span class="plain-syntax">, </span><span class="identifier-syntax">FALSE</span><span class="plain-syntax">);</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="reserved-syntax">else</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="reserved-syntax">for</span><span class="plain-syntax"> (</span><span class="reserved-syntax">int</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">gna</span><span class="plain-syntax"> = </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="plain-syntax">; </span><span class="identifier-syntax">gna</span><span class="plain-syntax"> &lt; </span><span class="constant-syntax">6</span><span class="plain-syntax">; </span><span class="identifier-syntax">gna</span><span class="plain-syntax">++)</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="named-paragraph-container code-font"><a href="3-lc2.html#SP4_1" class="named-paragraph-link"><span class="named-paragraph">Generate agreement form in this GNA and add to the declension</span><span class="named-paragraph-number">4.1</span></a></span><span class="plain-syntax">;</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">}</span>
</pre>
<p class="commentary firstcommentary"><a id="SP4_1"></a><b>&#167;4.1. </b>We use tries to modify the base text, which is taken to be the neuter
singular form, into the other five forms.
</p>
<p class="commentary"><span class="named-paragraph-container code-font"><span class="named-paragraph-defn">Generate agreement form in this GNA and add to the declension</span><span class="named-paragraph-number">4.1</span></span><span class="comment-syntax"> =</span>
</p>
<pre class="displayed-code all-displayed-code code-font">
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">nonterminal</span><span class="plain-syntax"> *</span><span class="identifier-syntax">step1</span><span class="plain-syntax"> = </span><span class="identifier-syntax">NULL</span><span class="plain-syntax">, *</span><span class="identifier-syntax">step2</span><span class="plain-syntax"> = </span><span class="identifier-syntax">NULL</span><span class="plain-syntax">;</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="reserved-syntax">int</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">form_number</span><span class="plain-syntax"> = </span><span class="constant-syntax">1</span><span class="plain-syntax">, </span><span class="identifier-syntax">form_gender</span><span class="plain-syntax"> = </span><span class="constant-syntax">NEUTER_GENDER</span><span class="plain-syntax">;</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="reserved-syntax">if</span><span class="plain-syntax"> (</span><span class="identifier-syntax">gna</span><span class="plain-syntax"> &gt;= </span><span class="constant-syntax">3</span><span class="plain-syntax">) </span><span class="identifier-syntax">form_number</span><span class="plain-syntax"> = </span><span class="constant-syntax">2</span><span class="plain-syntax">;</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="reserved-syntax">switch</span><span class="plain-syntax"> (</span><span class="identifier-syntax">gna</span><span class="plain-syntax">) {</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="reserved-syntax">case</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="plain-syntax">: </span><span class="identifier-syntax">step1</span><span class="plain-syntax"> = </span><span class="function-syntax">&lt;adjective-to-masculine-singular&gt;</span><span class="plain-syntax">;</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">form_gender</span><span class="plain-syntax"> = </span><span class="constant-syntax">MASCULINE_GENDER</span><span class="plain-syntax">; </span><span class="reserved-syntax">break</span><span class="plain-syntax">;</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="reserved-syntax">case</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="constant-syntax">1</span><span class="plain-syntax">: </span><span class="identifier-syntax">step1</span><span class="plain-syntax"> = </span><span class="function-syntax">&lt;adjective-to-feminine-singular&gt;</span><span class="plain-syntax">;</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">form_gender</span><span class="plain-syntax"> = </span><span class="constant-syntax">FEMININE_GENDER</span><span class="plain-syntax">; </span><span class="reserved-syntax">break</span><span class="plain-syntax">;</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="reserved-syntax">case</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="constant-syntax">2</span><span class="plain-syntax">: </span><span class="reserved-syntax">break</span><span class="plain-syntax">;</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="reserved-syntax">case</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="constant-syntax">3</span><span class="plain-syntax">: </span><span class="identifier-syntax">step1</span><span class="plain-syntax"> = </span><span class="function-syntax">&lt;adjective-to-masculine-singular&gt;</span><span class="plain-syntax">;</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">step2</span><span class="plain-syntax"> = </span><span class="function-syntax">&lt;adjective-to-masculine-plural&gt;</span><span class="plain-syntax">;</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">form_gender</span><span class="plain-syntax"> = </span><span class="constant-syntax">MASCULINE_GENDER</span><span class="plain-syntax">; </span><span class="reserved-syntax">break</span><span class="plain-syntax">;</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="reserved-syntax">case</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="constant-syntax">4</span><span class="plain-syntax">: </span><span class="identifier-syntax">step1</span><span class="plain-syntax"> = </span><span class="function-syntax">&lt;adjective-to-feminine-singular&gt;</span><span class="plain-syntax">;</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">step2</span><span class="plain-syntax"> = </span><span class="function-syntax">&lt;adjective-to-feminine-plural&gt;</span><span class="plain-syntax">;</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">form_gender</span><span class="plain-syntax"> = </span><span class="constant-syntax">FEMININE_GENDER</span><span class="plain-syntax">; </span><span class="reserved-syntax">break</span><span class="plain-syntax">;</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="reserved-syntax">case</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="constant-syntax">5</span><span class="plain-syntax">: </span><span class="identifier-syntax">step1</span><span class="plain-syntax"> = </span><span class="function-syntax">&lt;adjective-to-plural&gt;</span><span class="plain-syntax">; </span><span class="reserved-syntax">break</span><span class="plain-syntax">;</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> }</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">wording</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">FW</span><span class="plain-syntax"> = </span><span class="identifier-syntax">EMPTY_WORDING</span><span class="plain-syntax">;</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="named-paragraph-container code-font"><a href="3-lc2.html#SP4_1_1" class="named-paragraph-link"><span class="named-paragraph">Process via the agreement trie in this pipeline</span><span class="named-paragraph-number">4.1.1</span></a></span><span class="plain-syntax">;</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><a href="3-lc2.html#SP3" class="function-link"><span class="function-syntax">Clusters::add</span></a><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">cl</span><span class="plain-syntax">, </span><span class="identifier-syntax">FW</span><span class="plain-syntax">, </span><span class="identifier-syntax">nl</span><span class="plain-syntax">, </span><span class="identifier-syntax">form_gender</span><span class="plain-syntax">, </span><span class="identifier-syntax">form_number</span><span class="plain-syntax">, </span><span class="identifier-syntax">FALSE</span><span class="plain-syntax">);</span>
</pre>
<ul class="endnotetexts"><li>This code is used in <a href="3-lc2.html#SP4">&#167;4</a>.</li></ul>
<p class="commentary firstcommentary"><a id="SP4_1_1"></a><b>&#167;4.1.1. </b>Not much of a pipeline, really: we start with the base case and work
through one or two tries.
</p>
<p class="commentary"><span class="named-paragraph-container code-font"><span class="named-paragraph-defn">Process via the agreement trie in this pipeline</span><span class="named-paragraph-number">4.1.1</span></span><span class="comment-syntax"> =</span>
</p>
<pre class="displayed-code all-displayed-code code-font">
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">word_assemblage</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">wa</span><span class="plain-syntax"> = </span><span class="identifier-syntax">WordAssemblages::from_wording</span><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">W</span><span class="plain-syntax">);</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="reserved-syntax">if</span><span class="plain-syntax"> (</span><span class="identifier-syntax">step1</span><span class="plain-syntax">)</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">wa</span><span class="plain-syntax"> = </span><a href="2-tai.html#SP3" class="function-link"><span class="function-syntax">Inflect::first_word</span></a><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">wa</span><span class="plain-syntax">,</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">PreformUtilities::define_trie</span><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">step1</span><span class="plain-syntax">, </span><span class="identifier-syntax">TRIE_END</span><span class="plain-syntax">,</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><a href="4-dl.html#SP1" class="function-link"><span class="function-syntax">DefaultLanguage::get</span></a><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">nl</span><span class="plain-syntax">)));</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="reserved-syntax">if</span><span class="plain-syntax"> (</span><span class="identifier-syntax">step2</span><span class="plain-syntax">)</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">wa</span><span class="plain-syntax"> = </span><a href="2-tai.html#SP3" class="function-link"><span class="function-syntax">Inflect::first_word</span></a><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">wa</span><span class="plain-syntax">,</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">PreformUtilities::define_trie</span><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">step2</span><span class="plain-syntax">, </span><span class="identifier-syntax">TRIE_END</span><span class="plain-syntax">,</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><a href="4-dl.html#SP1" class="function-link"><span class="function-syntax">DefaultLanguage::get</span></a><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">nl</span><span class="plain-syntax">)));</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">FW</span><span class="plain-syntax"> = </span><span class="identifier-syntax">WordAssemblages::to_wording</span><span class="plain-syntax">(&amp;</span><span class="identifier-syntax">wa</span><span class="plain-syntax">);</span>
</pre>
<ul class="endnotetexts"><li>This code is used in <a href="3-lc2.html#SP4_1">&#167;4.1</a>.</li></ul>
<p class="commentary firstcommentary"><a id="SP5"></a><b>&#167;5. Plural fixing. </b>Less elegantly, we can force the plural of a form in a cluster to a given
fixed text, overwriting it if it's already there. In practice this is done
only when the built-in kinds are being given plural forms; some of these
(those for kind constructors with optional wordings) have a peculiar format,
and wouldn't pass through the pluralising tries intact.
</p>
<pre class="displayed-code all-displayed-code code-font">
<span class="reserved-syntax">void</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="function-syntax">Clusters::set_plural_in_language</span><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="reserved-syntax">lexical_cluster</span><span class="plain-syntax"> *</span><span class="identifier-syntax">cl</span><span class="plain-syntax">, </span><span class="identifier-syntax">wording</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">W</span><span class="plain-syntax">,</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">NATURAL_LANGUAGE_WORDS_TYPE</span><span class="plain-syntax"> *</span><span class="identifier-syntax">nl</span><span class="plain-syntax">) {</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="reserved-syntax">individual_form</span><span class="plain-syntax"> *</span><span class="identifier-syntax">in</span><span class="plain-syntax">;</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">LOOP_OVER_LINKED_LIST</span><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">in</span><span class="plain-syntax">, </span><span class="reserved-syntax">individual_form</span><span class="plain-syntax">, </span><span class="identifier-syntax">cl</span><span class="plain-syntax">-&gt;</span><span class="element-syntax">listed</span><span class="plain-syntax">)</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="reserved-syntax">if</span><span class="plain-syntax"> (</span><span class="identifier-syntax">in</span><span class="plain-syntax">-&gt;</span><span class="element-syntax">form_number</span><span class="plain-syntax"> == </span><span class="constant-syntax">2</span><span class="plain-syntax">) {</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">in</span><span class="plain-syntax">-&gt;</span><span class="element-syntax">declined</span><span class="plain-syntax"> = </span><a href="3-dcl.html#SP5" class="function-link"><span class="function-syntax">Declensions::of_noun</span></a><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">W</span><span class="plain-syntax">, </span><span class="identifier-syntax">nl</span><span class="plain-syntax">, </span><span class="constant-syntax">NEUTER_GENDER</span><span class="plain-syntax">, </span><span class="constant-syntax">2</span><span class="plain-syntax">);</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="reserved-syntax">return</span><span class="plain-syntax">;</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> }</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><a href="3-lc2.html#SP3" class="function-link"><span class="function-syntax">Clusters::add</span></a><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">cl</span><span class="plain-syntax">, </span><span class="identifier-syntax">W</span><span class="plain-syntax">, </span><span class="identifier-syntax">NULL</span><span class="plain-syntax">, </span><span class="constant-syntax">NEUTER_GENDER</span><span class="plain-syntax">, </span><span class="constant-syntax">2</span><span class="plain-syntax">, </span><span class="identifier-syntax">FALSE</span><span class="plain-syntax">);</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">}</span>
</pre>
<p class="commentary firstcommentary"><a id="SP6"></a><b>&#167;6. Searching declensions. </b>These are always quite small, so there's no need for any efficient device
to search them.
</p>
<p class="commentary">The first routine finds the earliest form with the correct number (singular
or plural):
</p>
<pre class="displayed-code all-displayed-code code-font">
<span class="identifier-syntax">wording</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="function-syntax">Clusters::get_form</span><button class="popup" onclick="togglePopup('usagePopup3')"><span class="comment-syntax">?</span><span class="popuptext" id="usagePopup3">Usage of <span class="code-font"><span class="function-syntax">Clusters::get_form</span></span>:<br/><a href="3-lc2.html#SP7">&#167;7</a></span></button><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="reserved-syntax">lexical_cluster</span><span class="plain-syntax"> *</span><span class="identifier-syntax">cl</span><span class="plain-syntax">, </span><span class="reserved-syntax">int</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">plural_flag</span><span class="plain-syntax">) {</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="reserved-syntax">int</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">number_sought</span><span class="plain-syntax"> = </span><span class="constant-syntax">1</span><span class="plain-syntax">;</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="reserved-syntax">if</span><span class="plain-syntax"> (</span><span class="identifier-syntax">plural_flag</span><span class="plain-syntax">) </span><span class="identifier-syntax">number_sought</span><span class="plain-syntax"> = </span><span class="constant-syntax">2</span><span class="plain-syntax">;</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="reserved-syntax">individual_form</span><span class="plain-syntax"> *</span><span class="identifier-syntax">in</span><span class="plain-syntax">;</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">LOOP_OVER_LINKED_LIST</span><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">in</span><span class="plain-syntax">, </span><span class="reserved-syntax">individual_form</span><span class="plain-syntax">, </span><span class="identifier-syntax">cl</span><span class="plain-syntax">-&gt;</span><span class="element-syntax">listed</span><span class="plain-syntax">)</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="reserved-syntax">if</span><span class="plain-syntax"> (</span><span class="identifier-syntax">in</span><span class="plain-syntax">-&gt;</span><span class="element-syntax">form_number</span><span class="plain-syntax"> == </span><span class="identifier-syntax">number_sought</span><span class="plain-syntax">)</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="reserved-syntax">return</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><a href="3-lc2.html#SP9" class="function-link"><span class="function-syntax">Clusters::get_nominative_of_form</span></a><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">in</span><span class="plain-syntax">);</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="reserved-syntax">return</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">EMPTY_WORDING</span><span class="plain-syntax">;</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">}</span>
</pre>
<p class="commentary firstcommentary"><a id="SP7"></a><b>&#167;7. </b>The following variant finds the earliest form in the language of play,
falling back on English if there's none registered:
</p>
<pre class="displayed-code all-displayed-code code-font">
<span class="identifier-syntax">wording</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="function-syntax">Clusters::get_form_in_language</span><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="reserved-syntax">lexical_cluster</span><span class="plain-syntax"> *</span><span class="identifier-syntax">cl</span><span class="plain-syntax">, </span><span class="reserved-syntax">int</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">plural_flag</span><span class="plain-syntax">,</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">NATURAL_LANGUAGE_WORDS_TYPE</span><span class="plain-syntax"> *</span><span class="identifier-syntax">nl</span><span class="plain-syntax">) {</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="reserved-syntax">int</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">number_sought</span><span class="plain-syntax"> = </span><span class="constant-syntax">1</span><span class="plain-syntax">;</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="reserved-syntax">if</span><span class="plain-syntax"> (</span><span class="identifier-syntax">plural_flag</span><span class="plain-syntax">) </span><span class="identifier-syntax">number_sought</span><span class="plain-syntax"> = </span><span class="constant-syntax">2</span><span class="plain-syntax">;</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="reserved-syntax">individual_form</span><span class="plain-syntax"> *</span><span class="identifier-syntax">in</span><span class="plain-syntax">;</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">LOOP_OVER_LINKED_LIST</span><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">in</span><span class="plain-syntax">, </span><span class="reserved-syntax">individual_form</span><span class="plain-syntax">, </span><span class="identifier-syntax">cl</span><span class="plain-syntax">-&gt;</span><span class="element-syntax">listed</span><span class="plain-syntax">)</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="reserved-syntax">if</span><span class="plain-syntax"> ((</span><span class="identifier-syntax">in</span><span class="plain-syntax">-&gt;</span><span class="element-syntax">form_number</span><span class="plain-syntax"> == </span><span class="identifier-syntax">number_sought</span><span class="plain-syntax">) &amp;&amp;</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> (</span><span class="identifier-syntax">in</span><span class="plain-syntax">-&gt;</span><span class="element-syntax">form_language</span><span class="plain-syntax"> == </span><span class="identifier-syntax">nl</span><span class="plain-syntax">))</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="reserved-syntax">return</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><a href="3-lc2.html#SP9" class="function-link"><span class="function-syntax">Clusters::get_nominative_of_form</span></a><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">in</span><span class="plain-syntax">);</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="reserved-syntax">return</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><a href="3-lc2.html#SP6" class="function-link"><span class="function-syntax">Clusters::get_form</span></a><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">cl</span><span class="plain-syntax">, </span><span class="identifier-syntax">plural_flag</span><span class="plain-syntax">);</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">}</span>
</pre>
<p class="commentary firstcommentary"><a id="SP8"></a><b>&#167;8. </b>A more specific search, which can optionally test for number and gender.
</p>
<pre class="displayed-code all-displayed-code code-font">
<span class="identifier-syntax">wording</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="function-syntax">Clusters::get_form_general</span><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="reserved-syntax">lexical_cluster</span><span class="plain-syntax"> *</span><span class="identifier-syntax">cl</span><span class="plain-syntax">,</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">NATURAL_LANGUAGE_WORDS_TYPE</span><span class="plain-syntax"> *</span><span class="identifier-syntax">nl</span><span class="plain-syntax">, </span><span class="reserved-syntax">int</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">number_sought</span><span class="plain-syntax">, </span><span class="reserved-syntax">int</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">gender_sought</span><span class="plain-syntax">) {</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="reserved-syntax">individual_form</span><span class="plain-syntax"> *</span><span class="identifier-syntax">in</span><span class="plain-syntax">;</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">LOOP_OVER_LINKED_LIST</span><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">in</span><span class="plain-syntax">, </span><span class="reserved-syntax">individual_form</span><span class="plain-syntax">, </span><span class="identifier-syntax">cl</span><span class="plain-syntax">-&gt;</span><span class="element-syntax">listed</span><span class="plain-syntax">)</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="reserved-syntax">if</span><span class="plain-syntax"> (((</span><span class="identifier-syntax">number_sought</span><span class="plain-syntax"> == -1) || (</span><span class="identifier-syntax">number_sought</span><span class="plain-syntax"> == </span><span class="identifier-syntax">in</span><span class="plain-syntax">-&gt;</span><span class="element-syntax">form_number</span><span class="plain-syntax">)) &amp;&amp;</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> ((</span><span class="identifier-syntax">gender_sought</span><span class="plain-syntax"> == -1) || (</span><span class="identifier-syntax">gender_sought</span><span class="plain-syntax"> == </span><span class="identifier-syntax">in</span><span class="plain-syntax">-&gt;</span><span class="element-syntax">form_gender</span><span class="plain-syntax">)) &amp;&amp;</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> (</span><span class="identifier-syntax">in</span><span class="plain-syntax">-&gt;</span><span class="element-syntax">form_language</span><span class="plain-syntax"> == </span><span class="identifier-syntax">nl</span><span class="plain-syntax">))</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="reserved-syntax">return</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><a href="3-lc2.html#SP9" class="function-link"><span class="function-syntax">Clusters::get_nominative_of_form</span></a><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">in</span><span class="plain-syntax">);</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="reserved-syntax">return</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">EMPTY_WORDING</span><span class="plain-syntax">;</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">}</span>
</pre>
<p class="commentary firstcommentary"><a id="SP9"></a><b>&#167;9. </b>All of which use:
</p>
<pre class="displayed-code all-displayed-code code-font">
<span class="identifier-syntax">wording</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="function-syntax">Clusters::get_nominative_of_form</span><button class="popup" onclick="togglePopup('usagePopup4')"><span class="comment-syntax">?</span><span class="popuptext" id="usagePopup4">Usage of <span class="code-font"><span class="function-syntax">Clusters::get_nominative_of_form</span></span>:<br/><a href="3-lc2.html#SP6">&#167;6</a>, <a href="3-lc2.html#SP7">&#167;7</a>, <a href="3-lc2.html#SP8">&#167;8</a></span></button><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="reserved-syntax">individual_form</span><span class="plain-syntax"> *</span><span class="identifier-syntax">in</span><span class="plain-syntax">) {</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="reserved-syntax">return</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><a href="3-dcl.html#SP4" class="function-link"><span class="function-syntax">Declensions::in_case</span></a><span class="plain-syntax">(&amp;(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">in</span><span class="plain-syntax">-&gt;</span><span class="element-syntax">declined</span><span class="plain-syntax">), </span><span class="constant-syntax">NOMINATIVE_CASE</span><span class="plain-syntax">);</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">}</span>
</pre>
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