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<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
<html>
<head>
<title>Articles</title>
<link href="../docs-assets/Breadcrumbs.css" rel="stylesheet" rev="stylesheet" type="text/css">
<meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width initial-scale=1">
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8">
<meta http-equiv="Content-Language" content="en-gb">
<link href="../docs-assets/Contents.css" rel="stylesheet" rev="stylesheet" type="text/css">
<link href="../docs-assets/Progress.css" rel="stylesheet" rev="stylesheet" type="text/css">
<link href="../docs-assets/Navigation.css" rel="stylesheet" rev="stylesheet" type="text/css">
<link href="../docs-assets/Fonts.css" rel="stylesheet" rev="stylesheet" type="text/css">
<link href="../docs-assets/Base.css" rel="stylesheet" rev="stylesheet" type="text/css">
<script>
function togglePopup(material_id) {
var popup = document.getElementById(material_id);
popup.classList.toggle("show");
}
</script>
<link href="../docs-assets/Popups.css" rel="stylesheet" rev="stylesheet" type="text/css">
<link href="../docs-assets/Colours.css" rel="stylesheet" rev="stylesheet" type="text/css">
<link href="../docs-assets/Preform-Colours.css" rel="stylesheet" rev="stylesheet" type="text/css">
</head>
<body class="commentary-font">
<nav role="navigation">
<h1><a href="../index.html">
<img src="../docs-assets/Inform.png" height=72">
</a></h1>
<ul><li><a href="../index.html">home</a></li>
</ul><h2>Compiler</h2><ul>
<li><a href="../structure.html">structure</a></li>
<li><a href="../inbuildn.html">inbuild</a></li>
<li><a href="../inform7n.html">inform7</a></li>
<li><a href="../intern.html">inter</a></li>
<li><a href="../services.html">services</a></li>
<li><a href="../secrets.html">secrets</a></li>
</ul><h2>Other Tools</h2><ul>
<li><a href="../inblorbn.html">inblorb</a></li>
<li><a href="../indocn.html">indoc</a></li>
<li><a href="../inform6.html">inform6</a></li>
<li><a href="../inpolicyn.html">inpolicy</a></li>
</ul><h2>Resources</h2><ul>
<li><a href="../extensions.html">extensions</a></li>
<li><a href="../kits.html">kits</a></li>
</ul><h2>Repository</h2><ul>
<li><a href="https://github.com/ganelson/inform"><img src="../docs-assets/github.png" height=18> github</a></li>
</ul><h2>Related Projects</h2><ul>
<li><a href="../../../inweb/index.html">inweb</a></li>
<li><a href="../../../intest/index.html">intest</a></li>
</ul>
</nav>
<main role="main">
<!--Weave of 'Articles' generated by Inweb-->
<div class="breadcrumbs">
<ul class="crumbs"><li><a href="../index.html">Home</a></li><li><a href="../services.html">Services</a></li><li><a href="index.html">linguistics</a></li><li><a href="index.html#2">Chapter 2: NP Categories</a></li><li><b>Articles</b></li></ul></div>
<p class="purpose">Preform grammar for the articles.</p>
<ul class="toc"><li><a href="2-art.html#SP1">&#167;1. Articles</a></li><li><a href="2-art.html#SP5">&#167;5. Stock references</a></li><li><a href="2-art.html#SP7">&#167;7. Removing articles</a></li><li><a href="2-art.html#SP9">&#167;9. Parsing</a></li><li><a href="2-art.html#SP13">&#167;13. English articles</a></li><li><a href="2-art.html#SP14">&#167;14. Unit testing</a></li></ul><hr class="tocbar">
<p class="commentary firstcommentary"><a id="SP1" class="paragraph-anchor"></a><b>&#167;1. Articles. </b>Article objects contain no interesting data: in effect, the <a href="2-art.html#SP1" class="internal">article</a> class
is an enumeration.
</p>
<pre class="displayed-code all-displayed-code code-font">
<span class="reserved-syntax">typedef</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="reserved-syntax">struct</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="reserved-syntax">article</span><span class="plain-syntax"> {</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="reserved-syntax">struct</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">text_stream</span><span class="plain-syntax"> *</span><span class="identifier-syntax">name</span><span class="plain-syntax">;</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="reserved-syntax">struct</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="reserved-syntax">linguistic_stock_item</span><span class="plain-syntax"> *</span><span class="identifier-syntax">in_stock</span><span class="plain-syntax">;</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">CLASS_DEFINITION</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">} </span><span class="reserved-syntax">article</span><span class="plain-syntax">;</span>
</pre>
<ul class="endnotetexts"><li>The structure article is accessed in 1/sc, 2/adj, 2/daq, 2/nns, 2/prn, 3/vrb, 3/vu, 3/prp and here.</li></ul>
<p class="commentary firstcommentary"><a id="SP2" class="paragraph-anchor"></a><b>&#167;2. </b>An <a href="2-art.html#SP2" class="internal">article_usage</a> object is what a lexicon search returns when text is
matched against some form of a pronoun.
</p>
<pre class="displayed-code all-displayed-code code-font">
<span class="reserved-syntax">typedef</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="reserved-syntax">struct</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="reserved-syntax">article_usage</span><span class="plain-syntax"> {</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="reserved-syntax">struct</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="reserved-syntax">article</span><span class="plain-syntax"> *</span><span class="identifier-syntax">article_used</span><span class="plain-syntax">;</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="reserved-syntax">struct</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">vocabulary_entry</span><span class="plain-syntax"> *</span><span class="identifier-syntax">word_used</span><span class="plain-syntax">;</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="reserved-syntax">struct</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="reserved-syntax">grammatical_usage</span><span class="plain-syntax"> *</span><span class="identifier-syntax">usage</span><span class="plain-syntax">;</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">CLASS_DEFINITION</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">} </span><span class="reserved-syntax">article_usage</span><span class="plain-syntax">;</span>
</pre>
<ul class="endnotetexts"><li>The structure article_usage is accessed in 2/nns, 2/prn, 3/vu and here.</li></ul>
<p class="commentary firstcommentary"><a id="SP3" class="paragraph-anchor"></a><b>&#167;3. </b></p>
<pre class="displayed-code all-displayed-code code-font">
<span class="reserved-syntax">void</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="function-syntax">Articles::write_usage</span><button class="popup" onclick="togglePopup('usagePopup1')"><span class="comment-syntax">?</span><span class="popuptext" id="usagePopup1">Usage of <span class="code-font"><span class="function-syntax">Articles::write_usage</span></span>:<br/><a href="2-art.html#SP14">&#167;14</a><br/>Diagrams - <a href="1-dgr.html#SP3">&#167;3</a></span></button><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">OUTPUT_STREAM</span><span class="plain-syntax">, </span><span class="reserved-syntax">article_usage</span><span class="plain-syntax"> *</span><span class="identifier-syntax">au</span><span class="plain-syntax">) {</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">WRITE</span><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="string-syntax">" {%S '%V'"</span><span class="plain-syntax">, </span><span class="identifier-syntax">au</span><span class="plain-syntax">-&gt;</span><span class="element-syntax">article_used</span><span class="plain-syntax">-&gt;</span><span class="element-syntax">name</span><span class="plain-syntax">, </span><span class="identifier-syntax">au</span><span class="plain-syntax">-&gt;</span><span class="element-syntax">word_used</span><span class="plain-syntax">);</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><a href="1-sc.html#SP9" class="function-link"><span class="function-syntax">Stock::write_usage</span></a><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">OUT</span><span class="plain-syntax">, </span><span class="identifier-syntax">au</span><span class="plain-syntax">-&gt;</span><span class="element-syntax">usage</span><span class="plain-syntax">, </span><span class="identifier-syntax">GENDER_LCW</span><span class="plain-syntax"> + </span><span class="identifier-syntax">NUMBER_LCW</span><span class="plain-syntax"> + </span><span class="identifier-syntax">CASE_LCW</span><span class="plain-syntax">);</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">WRITE</span><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="string-syntax">"}"</span><span class="plain-syntax">);</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">}</span>
</pre>
<p class="commentary firstcommentary"><a id="SP4" class="paragraph-anchor"></a><b>&#167;4. </b>The stock of articles is fixed at two:
</p>
<pre class="displayed-code all-displayed-code code-font">
<span class="reserved-syntax">grammatical_category</span><span class="plain-syntax"> *</span><span class="identifier-syntax">articles_category</span><span class="plain-syntax"> = </span><span class="identifier-syntax">NULL</span><span class="plain-syntax">;</span>
<span class="reserved-syntax">article</span><span class="plain-syntax"> *</span><span class="identifier-syntax">definite_article</span><span class="plain-syntax"> = </span><span class="identifier-syntax">NULL</span><span class="plain-syntax">;</span>
<span class="reserved-syntax">article</span><span class="plain-syntax"> *</span><span class="identifier-syntax">indefinite_article</span><span class="plain-syntax"> = </span><span class="identifier-syntax">NULL</span><span class="plain-syntax">;</span>
<span class="reserved-syntax">void</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="function-syntax">Articles::create_category</span><button class="popup" onclick="togglePopup('usagePopup2')"><span class="comment-syntax">?</span><span class="popuptext" id="usagePopup2">Usage of <span class="code-font"><span class="function-syntax">Articles::create_category</span></span>:<br/>Stock Control - <a href="1-sc.html#SP2">&#167;2</a></span></button><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="reserved-syntax">void</span><span class="plain-syntax">) {</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">articles_category</span><span class="plain-syntax"> = </span><a href="1-sc.html#SP3" class="function-link"><span class="function-syntax">Stock::new_category</span></a><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">I</span><span class="string-syntax">"article"</span><span class="plain-syntax">);</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">METHOD_ADD</span><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">articles_category</span><span class="plain-syntax">, </span><span class="constant-syntax">LOG_GRAMMATICAL_CATEGORY_MTID</span><span class="plain-syntax">, </span><a href="2-art.html#SP4" class="function-link"><span class="function-syntax">Articles::log_item</span></a><span class="plain-syntax">);</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">definite_article</span><span class="plain-syntax"> = </span><a href="2-art.html#SP4" class="function-link"><span class="function-syntax">Articles::new</span></a><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">I</span><span class="string-syntax">"definite"</span><span class="plain-syntax">);</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">indefinite_article</span><span class="plain-syntax"> = </span><a href="2-art.html#SP4" class="function-link"><span class="function-syntax">Articles::new</span></a><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">I</span><span class="string-syntax">"indefinite"</span><span class="plain-syntax">);</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">}</span>
<span class="reserved-syntax">article</span><span class="plain-syntax"> *</span><span class="function-syntax">Articles::new</span><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">text_stream</span><span class="plain-syntax"> *</span><span class="identifier-syntax">name</span><span class="plain-syntax">) {</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="reserved-syntax">article</span><span class="plain-syntax"> *</span><span class="identifier-syntax">P</span><span class="plain-syntax"> = </span><span class="identifier-syntax">CREATE</span><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="reserved-syntax">article</span><span class="plain-syntax">);</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">P</span><span class="plain-syntax">-&gt;</span><span class="element-syntax">name</span><span class="plain-syntax"> = </span><span class="identifier-syntax">Str::duplicate</span><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">name</span><span class="plain-syntax">);</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">P</span><span class="plain-syntax">-&gt;</span><span class="element-syntax">in_stock</span><span class="plain-syntax"> = </span><a href="1-sc.html#SP6" class="function-link"><span class="function-syntax">Stock::new</span></a><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">articles_category</span><span class="plain-syntax">, </span><span class="identifier-syntax">STORE_POINTER_article</span><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">P</span><span class="plain-syntax">));</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="reserved-syntax">return</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">P</span><span class="plain-syntax">;</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">}</span>
<span class="reserved-syntax">void</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="function-syntax">Articles::log_item</span><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="reserved-syntax">grammatical_category</span><span class="plain-syntax"> *</span><span class="identifier-syntax">cat</span><span class="plain-syntax">, </span><span class="identifier-syntax">general_pointer</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">data</span><span class="plain-syntax">) {</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="reserved-syntax">article</span><span class="plain-syntax"> *</span><span class="identifier-syntax">P</span><span class="plain-syntax"> = </span><span class="identifier-syntax">RETRIEVE_POINTER_article</span><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">data</span><span class="plain-syntax">);</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">LOG</span><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="string-syntax">"%S"</span><span class="plain-syntax">, </span><span class="identifier-syntax">P</span><span class="plain-syntax">-&gt;</span><span class="element-syntax">name</span><span class="plain-syntax">);</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">}</span>
</pre>
<p class="commentary firstcommentary"><a id="SP5" class="paragraph-anchor"></a><b>&#167;5. Stock references. </b>We ignore case in articles, but do take note of number and gender.
</p>
<pre class="displayed-code all-displayed-code code-font">
<span class="reserved-syntax">article</span><span class="plain-syntax"> *</span><span class="function-syntax">Articles::from_lcon</span><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">lcon_ti</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">lcon</span><span class="plain-syntax">) {</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="reserved-syntax">linguistic_stock_item</span><span class="plain-syntax"> *</span><span class="identifier-syntax">item</span><span class="plain-syntax"> = </span><a href="1-sc.html#SP8" class="function-link"><span class="function-syntax">Stock::from_lcon</span></a><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">lcon</span><span class="plain-syntax">);</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="reserved-syntax">if</span><span class="plain-syntax"> (</span><span class="identifier-syntax">item</span><span class="plain-syntax"> == </span><span class="identifier-syntax">NULL</span><span class="plain-syntax">) </span><span class="reserved-syntax">return</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">NULL</span><span class="plain-syntax">;</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="reserved-syntax">return</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">RETRIEVE_POINTER_article</span><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">item</span><span class="plain-syntax">-&gt;</span><span class="element-syntax">data</span><span class="plain-syntax">);</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">}</span>
<span class="reserved-syntax">void</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="function-syntax">Articles::write_lcon</span><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">OUTPUT_STREAM</span><span class="plain-syntax">, </span><span class="identifier-syntax">lcon_ti</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">lcon</span><span class="plain-syntax">) {</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="reserved-syntax">article</span><span class="plain-syntax"> *</span><span class="identifier-syntax">P</span><span class="plain-syntax"> = </span><a href="2-art.html#SP5" class="function-link"><span class="function-syntax">Articles::from_lcon</span></a><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">lcon</span><span class="plain-syntax">);</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">WRITE</span><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="string-syntax">" %S "</span><span class="plain-syntax">, </span><span class="identifier-syntax">P</span><span class="plain-syntax">-&gt;</span><span class="element-syntax">name</span><span class="plain-syntax">);</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">Lcon::write_number</span><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">OUT</span><span class="plain-syntax">, </span><span class="identifier-syntax">Lcon::get_number</span><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">lcon</span><span class="plain-syntax">));</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">Lcon::write_gender</span><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">OUT</span><span class="plain-syntax">, </span><span class="identifier-syntax">Lcon::get_gender</span><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">lcon</span><span class="plain-syntax">));</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">}</span>
<span class="reserved-syntax">int</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="function-syntax">Articles::may_be_definite</span><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="reserved-syntax">article_usage</span><span class="plain-syntax"> *</span><span class="identifier-syntax">au</span><span class="plain-syntax">) {</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="reserved-syntax">if</span><span class="plain-syntax"> ((</span><span class="identifier-syntax">au</span><span class="plain-syntax">) &amp;&amp; (</span><span class="identifier-syntax">au</span><span class="plain-syntax">-&gt;</span><span class="element-syntax">article_used</span><span class="plain-syntax"> == </span><span class="identifier-syntax">definite_article</span><span class="plain-syntax">)) </span><span class="reserved-syntax">return</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">TRUE</span><span class="plain-syntax">;</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="reserved-syntax">return</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">FALSE</span><span class="plain-syntax">;</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">}</span>
</pre>
<p class="commentary firstcommentary"><a id="SP6" class="paragraph-anchor"></a><b>&#167;6. </b>It's very important to parse articles, which occur very often, rapidly. So
we give these special priority in Preform optimisation; they have their very
own private bit.
</p>
<pre class="displayed-code all-displayed-code code-font">
<span class="reserved-syntax">void</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="function-syntax">Articles::mark_for_preform</span><button class="popup" onclick="togglePopup('usagePopup3')"><span class="comment-syntax">?</span><span class="popuptext" id="usagePopup3">Usage of <span class="code-font"><span class="function-syntax">Articles::mark_for_preform</span></span>:<br/>Linguistics Module - <a href="1-lm.html#SP3">&#167;3</a></span></button><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="reserved-syntax">void</span><span class="plain-syntax">) {</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">NTI::give_nt_reserved_incidence_bit</span><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="function-syntax">&lt;article&gt;</span><span class="plain-syntax">, </span><span class="identifier-syntax">ARTICLE_RES_NT_BIT</span><span class="plain-syntax">);</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">NTI::give_nt_reserved_incidence_bit</span><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="function-syntax">&lt;definite-article&gt;</span><span class="plain-syntax">, </span><span class="identifier-syntax">ARTICLE_RES_NT_BIT</span><span class="plain-syntax">);</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">NTI::give_nt_reserved_incidence_bit</span><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="function-syntax">&lt;indefinite-article&gt;</span><span class="plain-syntax">, </span><span class="identifier-syntax">ARTICLE_RES_NT_BIT</span><span class="plain-syntax">);</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">NTI::give_nt_reserved_incidence_bit</span><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="function-syntax">&lt;definite-article-table&gt;</span><span class="plain-syntax">, </span><span class="identifier-syntax">ARTICLE_RES_NT_BIT</span><span class="plain-syntax">);</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">NTI::give_nt_reserved_incidence_bit</span><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="function-syntax">&lt;indefinite-article-table&gt;</span><span class="plain-syntax">, </span><span class="identifier-syntax">ARTICLE_RES_NT_BIT</span><span class="plain-syntax">);</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">}</span>
</pre>
<p class="commentary firstcommentary"><a id="SP7" class="paragraph-anchor"></a><b>&#167;7. Removing articles. </b>These are useful for stripping optional articles from text:
</p>
<pre class="Preform-displayed-code all-displayed-code code-font">
<span class="Preform-function-syntax">&lt;optional-definite-article&gt;</span><span class="Preform-plain-syntax"> </span><span class="Preform-reserved-syntax">::=</span>
<span class="Preform-plain-syntax"> </span><span class="Preform-function-syntax">&lt;definite-article&gt;</span><span class="Preform-plain-syntax"> </span><span class="Preform-reserved-syntax">...</span><span class="Preform-plain-syntax"> </span><span class="Preform-reserved-syntax">|</span><span class="Preform-plain-syntax"> </span><span class="Preform-reserved-syntax">==&gt;</span><span class="Preform-plain-syntax"> { pass 1 }</span>
<span class="Preform-plain-syntax"> </span><span class="Preform-reserved-syntax">...</span>
<span class="Preform-function-syntax">&lt;optional-indefinite-article&gt;</span><span class="Preform-plain-syntax"> </span><span class="Preform-reserved-syntax">::=</span>
<span class="Preform-plain-syntax"> </span><span class="Preform-function-syntax">&lt;indefinite-article&gt;</span><span class="Preform-plain-syntax"> </span><span class="Preform-reserved-syntax">...</span><span class="Preform-plain-syntax"> </span><span class="Preform-reserved-syntax">|</span><span class="Preform-plain-syntax"> </span><span class="Preform-reserved-syntax">==&gt;</span><span class="Preform-plain-syntax"> { pass 1 }</span>
<span class="Preform-plain-syntax"> </span><span class="Preform-reserved-syntax">...</span>
<span class="Preform-function-syntax">&lt;optional-article&gt;</span><span class="Preform-plain-syntax"> </span><span class="Preform-reserved-syntax">::=</span>
<span class="Preform-plain-syntax"> </span><span class="Preform-function-syntax">&lt;article&gt;</span><span class="Preform-plain-syntax"> </span><span class="Preform-reserved-syntax">...</span><span class="Preform-plain-syntax"> </span><span class="Preform-reserved-syntax">|</span><span class="Preform-plain-syntax"> </span><span class="Preform-reserved-syntax">==&gt;</span><span class="Preform-plain-syntax"> { pass 1 }</span>
<span class="Preform-plain-syntax"> </span><span class="Preform-reserved-syntax">...</span>
<span class="Preform-function-syntax">&lt;compulsory-article&gt;</span><span class="Preform-plain-syntax"> </span><span class="Preform-reserved-syntax">::=</span>
<span class="Preform-plain-syntax"> </span><span class="Preform-function-syntax">&lt;article&gt;</span><span class="Preform-plain-syntax"> </span><span class="Preform-reserved-syntax">...</span><span class="Preform-plain-syntax"> </span><span class="Preform-reserved-syntax">==&gt;</span><span class="Preform-plain-syntax"> { pass 1 }</span>
</pre>
<ul class="endnotetexts"><li>This is <a href="../words-module/4-ap.html" class="internal">Preform grammar</a>, not regular C code.</li></ul>
<p class="commentary firstcommentary"><a id="SP8" class="paragraph-anchor"></a><b>&#167;8. </b></p>
<pre class="displayed-code all-displayed-code code-font">
<span class="identifier-syntax">wording</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="function-syntax">Articles::remove_the</span><button class="popup" onclick="togglePopup('usagePopup4')"><span class="comment-syntax">?</span><span class="popuptext" id="usagePopup4">Usage of <span class="code-font"><span class="function-syntax">Articles::remove_the</span></span>:<br/>Determiners and Quantifiers - <a href="2-daq.html#SP18">&#167;18</a></span></button><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">wording</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">W</span><span class="plain-syntax">) {</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="reserved-syntax">if</span><span class="plain-syntax"> ((</span><span class="identifier-syntax">Wordings::length</span><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">W</span><span class="plain-syntax">) &gt; </span><span class="constant-syntax">1</span><span class="plain-syntax">) &amp;&amp; (</span><span class="function-syntax">&lt;optional-definite-article&gt;</span><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">W</span><span class="plain-syntax">)))</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="reserved-syntax">return</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">GET_RW</span><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="function-syntax">&lt;optional-definite-article&gt;</span><span class="plain-syntax">, </span><span class="constant-syntax">1</span><span class="plain-syntax">);</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="reserved-syntax">return</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">W</span><span class="plain-syntax">;</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">}</span>
<span class="identifier-syntax">wording</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="function-syntax">Articles::remove_article</span><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">wording</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">W</span><span class="plain-syntax">) {</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="reserved-syntax">if</span><span class="plain-syntax"> (</span><span class="identifier-syntax">Wordings::nonempty</span><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">W</span><span class="plain-syntax">)) {</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="function-syntax">&lt;optional-article&gt;</span><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">W</span><span class="plain-syntax">);</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="reserved-syntax">return</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">GET_RW</span><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="function-syntax">&lt;optional-article&gt;</span><span class="plain-syntax">, </span><span class="constant-syntax">1</span><span class="plain-syntax">);</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> }</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="reserved-syntax">return</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">W</span><span class="plain-syntax">;</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">}</span>
</pre>
<p class="commentary firstcommentary"><a id="SP9" class="paragraph-anchor"></a><b>&#167;9. Parsing. </b>Articles are ideal for small word sets, because even when their tables of
inflected forms are in theory large, there are in practice few distinguishable
words in them.
</p>
<pre class="displayed-code all-displayed-code code-font">
<span class="reserved-syntax">small_word_set</span><span class="plain-syntax"> *</span><span class="identifier-syntax">article_sws</span><span class="plain-syntax"> = </span><span class="identifier-syntax">NULL</span><span class="plain-syntax">, *</span><span class="identifier-syntax">definite_article_sws</span><span class="plain-syntax"> = </span><span class="identifier-syntax">NULL</span><span class="plain-syntax">, *</span><span class="identifier-syntax">indefinite_article_sws</span><span class="plain-syntax"> = </span><span class="identifier-syntax">NULL</span><span class="plain-syntax">;</span>
</pre>
<p class="commentary firstcommentary"><a id="SP10" class="paragraph-anchor"></a><b>&#167;10. </b>And now we have to make them. The following capacity would be enough even if
we were simultaneously dealing with four languages in which every inflection
produced a different word. So it really is not going to run out.
</p>
<pre class="definitions code-font"><span class="definition-keyword">define</span> <span class="constant-syntax">ARTICLE_SWS_CAPACITY</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="constant-syntax">4</span><span class="plain-syntax">*</span><span class="identifier-syntax">NO_KNOWN_GENDERS</span><span class="plain-syntax">*</span><span class="identifier-syntax">NO_KNOWN_NUMBERS</span><span class="plain-syntax">*</span><span class="identifier-syntax">MAX_GRAMMATICAL_CASES</span>
</pre>
<pre class="displayed-code all-displayed-code code-font">
<span class="reserved-syntax">void</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="function-syntax">Articles::create_small_word_sets</span><button class="popup" onclick="togglePopup('usagePopup5')"><span class="comment-syntax">?</span><span class="popuptext" id="usagePopup5">Usage of <span class="code-font"><span class="function-syntax">Articles::create_small_word_sets</span></span>:<br/><a href="2-art.html#SP12">&#167;12</a></span></button><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="reserved-syntax">void</span><span class="plain-syntax">) {</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">article_sws</span><span class="plain-syntax"> = </span><a href="1-sc.html#SP11" class="function-link"><span class="function-syntax">Stock::new_sws</span></a><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="constant-syntax">ARTICLE_SWS_CAPACITY</span><span class="plain-syntax">);</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><a href="2-art.html#SP11" class="function-link"><span class="function-syntax">Articles::add</span></a><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">article_sws</span><span class="plain-syntax">, </span><span class="function-syntax">&lt;definite-article-table&gt;</span><span class="plain-syntax">, </span><span class="identifier-syntax">definite_article</span><span class="plain-syntax">);</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><a href="2-art.html#SP11" class="function-link"><span class="function-syntax">Articles::add</span></a><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">article_sws</span><span class="plain-syntax">, </span><span class="function-syntax">&lt;indefinite-article-table&gt;</span><span class="plain-syntax">, </span><span class="identifier-syntax">indefinite_article</span><span class="plain-syntax">);</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">definite_article_sws</span><span class="plain-syntax"> = </span><a href="1-sc.html#SP11" class="function-link"><span class="function-syntax">Stock::new_sws</span></a><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="constant-syntax">ARTICLE_SWS_CAPACITY</span><span class="plain-syntax">);</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><a href="2-art.html#SP11" class="function-link"><span class="function-syntax">Articles::add</span></a><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">definite_article_sws</span><span class="plain-syntax">, </span><span class="function-syntax">&lt;definite-article-table&gt;</span><span class="plain-syntax">, </span><span class="identifier-syntax">definite_article</span><span class="plain-syntax">);</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">indefinite_article_sws</span><span class="plain-syntax"> = </span><a href="1-sc.html#SP11" class="function-link"><span class="function-syntax">Stock::new_sws</span></a><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="constant-syntax">ARTICLE_SWS_CAPACITY</span><span class="plain-syntax">);</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><a href="2-art.html#SP11" class="function-link"><span class="function-syntax">Articles::add</span></a><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">indefinite_article_sws</span><span class="plain-syntax">, </span><span class="function-syntax">&lt;indefinite-article-table&gt;</span><span class="plain-syntax">, </span><span class="identifier-syntax">indefinite_article</span><span class="plain-syntax">);</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">}</span>
</pre>
<p class="commentary firstcommentary"><a id="SP11" class="paragraph-anchor"></a><b>&#167;11. </b>All of which use the following, which extracts inflected forms from the
nonterminal tables (see below for their English versions and layout).
</p>
<pre class="displayed-code all-displayed-code code-font">
<span class="reserved-syntax">small_word_set</span><span class="plain-syntax"> *</span><span class="function-syntax">Articles::add</span><button class="popup" onclick="togglePopup('usagePopup6')"><span class="comment-syntax">?</span><span class="popuptext" id="usagePopup6">Usage of <span class="code-font"><span class="function-syntax">Articles::add</span></span>:<br/><a href="2-art.html#SP10">&#167;10</a></span></button><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="reserved-syntax">small_word_set</span><span class="plain-syntax"> *</span><span class="identifier-syntax">sws</span><span class="plain-syntax">, </span><span class="identifier-syntax">nonterminal</span><span class="plain-syntax"> *</span><span class="identifier-syntax">nt</span><span class="plain-syntax">, </span><span class="reserved-syntax">article</span><span class="plain-syntax"> *</span><span class="identifier-syntax">a</span><span class="plain-syntax">) {</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="reserved-syntax">for</span><span class="plain-syntax"> (</span><span class="identifier-syntax">production_list</span><span class="plain-syntax"> *</span><span class="identifier-syntax">pl</span><span class="plain-syntax"> = </span><span class="identifier-syntax">nt</span><span class="plain-syntax">-&gt;</span><span class="identifier-syntax">first_pl</span><span class="plain-syntax">; </span><span class="identifier-syntax">pl</span><span class="plain-syntax">; </span><span class="identifier-syntax">pl</span><span class="plain-syntax"> = </span><span class="identifier-syntax">pl</span><span class="plain-syntax">-&gt;</span><span class="identifier-syntax">next_pl</span><span class="plain-syntax">) {</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="reserved-syntax">int</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">c</span><span class="plain-syntax"> = </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="plain-syntax">;</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="reserved-syntax">for</span><span class="plain-syntax"> (</span><span class="identifier-syntax">production</span><span class="plain-syntax"> *</span><span class="identifier-syntax">pr</span><span class="plain-syntax"> = </span><span class="identifier-syntax">pl</span><span class="plain-syntax">-&gt;</span><span class="identifier-syntax">first_pr</span><span class="plain-syntax">; </span><span class="identifier-syntax">pr</span><span class="plain-syntax">; </span><span class="identifier-syntax">pr</span><span class="plain-syntax"> = </span><span class="identifier-syntax">pr</span><span class="plain-syntax">-&gt;</span><span class="identifier-syntax">next_pr</span><span class="plain-syntax">) {</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="reserved-syntax">int</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">t</span><span class="plain-syntax"> = </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="plain-syntax">;</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="reserved-syntax">for</span><span class="plain-syntax"> (</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ptoken</span><span class="plain-syntax"> *</span><span class="identifier-syntax">pt</span><span class="plain-syntax"> = </span><span class="identifier-syntax">pr</span><span class="plain-syntax">-&gt;</span><span class="identifier-syntax">first_pt</span><span class="plain-syntax">; </span><span class="identifier-syntax">pt</span><span class="plain-syntax">; </span><span class="identifier-syntax">pt</span><span class="plain-syntax"> = </span><span class="identifier-syntax">pt</span><span class="plain-syntax">-&gt;</span><span class="identifier-syntax">next_pt</span><span class="plain-syntax">) {</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="reserved-syntax">for</span><span class="plain-syntax"> (</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ptoken</span><span class="plain-syntax"> *</span><span class="identifier-syntax">alt</span><span class="plain-syntax"> = </span><span class="identifier-syntax">pt</span><span class="plain-syntax">; </span><span class="identifier-syntax">alt</span><span class="plain-syntax">; </span><span class="identifier-syntax">alt</span><span class="plain-syntax"> = </span><span class="identifier-syntax">alt</span><span class="plain-syntax">-&gt;</span><span class="identifier-syntax">alternative_ptoken</span><span class="plain-syntax">) {</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="reserved-syntax">if</span><span class="plain-syntax"> (</span><span class="identifier-syntax">alt</span><span class="plain-syntax">-&gt;</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ptoken_category</span><span class="plain-syntax"> != </span><span class="identifier-syntax">FIXED_WORD_PTC</span><span class="plain-syntax">)</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">PreformUtilities::production_error</span><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">nt</span><span class="plain-syntax">, </span><span class="identifier-syntax">pr</span><span class="plain-syntax">,</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="string-syntax">"article sets must contain single fixed words"</span><span class="plain-syntax">);</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="reserved-syntax">else</span><span class="plain-syntax"> {</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="reserved-syntax">article_usage</span><span class="plain-syntax"> *</span><span class="identifier-syntax">au</span><span class="plain-syntax"> =</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> (</span><span class="reserved-syntax">article_usage</span><span class="plain-syntax"> *) </span><a href="1-sc.html#SP12" class="function-link"><span class="function-syntax">Stock::find_in_sws</span></a><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">sws</span><span class="plain-syntax">, </span><span class="identifier-syntax">alt</span><span class="plain-syntax">-&gt;</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ve_pt</span><span class="plain-syntax">);</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="reserved-syntax">if</span><span class="plain-syntax"> (</span><span class="identifier-syntax">au</span><span class="plain-syntax"> == </span><span class="identifier-syntax">NULL</span><span class="plain-syntax">) {</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">au</span><span class="plain-syntax"> = </span><span class="identifier-syntax">CREATE</span><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="reserved-syntax">article_usage</span><span class="plain-syntax">);</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">au</span><span class="plain-syntax">-&gt;</span><span class="element-syntax">article_used</span><span class="plain-syntax"> = </span><span class="identifier-syntax">a</span><span class="plain-syntax">;</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">au</span><span class="plain-syntax">-&gt;</span><span class="element-syntax">word_used</span><span class="plain-syntax"> = </span><span class="identifier-syntax">alt</span><span class="plain-syntax">-&gt;</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ve_pt</span><span class="plain-syntax">;</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">au</span><span class="plain-syntax">-&gt;</span><span class="element-syntax">usage</span><span class="plain-syntax"> = </span><a href="1-sc.html#SP9" class="function-link"><span class="function-syntax">Stock::new_usage</span></a><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">a</span><span class="plain-syntax">-&gt;</span><span class="element-syntax">in_stock</span><span class="plain-syntax">, </span><span class="identifier-syntax">NULL</span><span class="plain-syntax">);</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><a href="1-sc.html#SP12" class="function-link"><span class="function-syntax">Stock::add_to_sws</span></a><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">sws</span><span class="plain-syntax">, </span><span class="identifier-syntax">alt</span><span class="plain-syntax">-&gt;</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ve_pt</span><span class="plain-syntax">, </span><span class="identifier-syntax">au</span><span class="plain-syntax">);</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> }</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">lcon_ti</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">lcon</span><span class="plain-syntax"> = </span><a href="1-sc.html#SP8" class="function-link"><span class="function-syntax">Stock::to_lcon</span></a><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">a</span><span class="plain-syntax">-&gt;</span><span class="element-syntax">in_stock</span><span class="plain-syntax">);</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">lcon</span><span class="plain-syntax"> = </span><span class="identifier-syntax">Lcon::set_number</span><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">lcon</span><span class="plain-syntax">, </span><span class="identifier-syntax">t</span><span class="plain-syntax">%2);</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">lcon</span><span class="plain-syntax"> = </span><span class="identifier-syntax">Lcon::set_gender</span><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">lcon</span><span class="plain-syntax">, </span><span class="constant-syntax">1</span><span class="plain-syntax"> + </span><span class="identifier-syntax">t</span><span class="plain-syntax">/2);</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">lcon</span><span class="plain-syntax"> = </span><span class="identifier-syntax">Lcon::set_case</span><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">lcon</span><span class="plain-syntax">, </span><span class="identifier-syntax">c</span><span class="plain-syntax">);</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><a href="1-sc.html#SP9" class="function-link"><span class="function-syntax">Stock::add_form_to_usage</span></a><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">au</span><span class="plain-syntax">-&gt;</span><span class="element-syntax">usage</span><span class="plain-syntax">, </span><span class="identifier-syntax">lcon</span><span class="plain-syntax">);</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> }</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> }</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">t</span><span class="plain-syntax">++;</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> }</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">c</span><span class="plain-syntax">++;</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> }</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="reserved-syntax">if</span><span class="plain-syntax"> (</span><span class="identifier-syntax">c</span><span class="plain-syntax"> != </span><span class="identifier-syntax">Declensions::no_cases</span><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">pl</span><span class="plain-syntax">-&gt;</span><span class="identifier-syntax">definition_language</span><span class="plain-syntax">))</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">PreformUtilities::production_error</span><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">nt</span><span class="plain-syntax">, </span><span class="identifier-syntax">NULL</span><span class="plain-syntax">,</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="string-syntax">"wrong number of cases in article set"</span><span class="plain-syntax">);</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> }</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="reserved-syntax">return</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">sws</span><span class="plain-syntax">;</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">}</span>
</pre>
<p class="commentary firstcommentary"><a id="SP12" class="paragraph-anchor"></a><b>&#167;12. </b>And here are the requisite nonterminals:
</p>
<pre class="Preform-displayed-code all-displayed-code code-font">
<span class="Preform-function-syntax">&lt;article&gt;</span><span class="Preform-plain-syntax"> </span><span class="Preform-constant-syntax">internal</span><span class="Preform-plain-syntax"> </span><span class="Preform-constant-syntax">1</span><span class="Preform-plain-syntax"> </span><span class="Preform-constant-syntax">{</span>
<span class="Preform-plain-syntax"> </span><span class="Preform-reserved-syntax">if</span><span class="Preform-plain-syntax"> (</span><span class="Preform-identifier-syntax">article_sws</span><span class="Preform-plain-syntax"> == </span><span class="Preform-identifier-syntax">NULL</span><span class="Preform-plain-syntax">) </span><a href="2-art.html#SP10" class="function-link"><span class="Preform-function-syntax">Articles::create_small_word_sets</span></a><span class="Preform-plain-syntax">();</span>
<span class="Preform-plain-syntax"> </span><span class="Preform-identifier-syntax">vocabulary_entry</span><span class="Preform-plain-syntax"> *</span><span class="Preform-identifier-syntax">ve</span><span class="Preform-plain-syntax"> = </span><span class="Preform-identifier-syntax">Lexer::word</span><span class="Preform-plain-syntax">(</span><span class="Preform-identifier-syntax">Wordings::first_wn</span><span class="Preform-plain-syntax">(</span><span class="Preform-identifier-syntax">W</span><span class="Preform-plain-syntax">));</span>
<span class="Preform-plain-syntax"> </span><span class="Preform-reserved-syntax">article_usage</span><span class="Preform-plain-syntax"> *</span><span class="Preform-identifier-syntax">au</span><span class="Preform-plain-syntax"> = </span><a href="1-sc.html#SP12" class="function-link"><span class="Preform-function-syntax">Stock::find_in_sws</span></a><span class="Preform-plain-syntax">(</span><span class="Preform-identifier-syntax">article_sws</span><span class="Preform-plain-syntax">, </span><span class="Preform-identifier-syntax">ve</span><span class="Preform-plain-syntax">);</span>
<span class="Preform-plain-syntax"> </span><span class="Preform-reserved-syntax">if</span><span class="Preform-plain-syntax"> (</span><span class="Preform-identifier-syntax">au</span><span class="Preform-plain-syntax">) { ==&gt; { </span><span class="Preform-constant-syntax">0</span><span class="Preform-plain-syntax">, </span><span class="Preform-identifier-syntax">au</span><span class="Preform-plain-syntax"> }; </span><span class="Preform-reserved-syntax">return</span><span class="Preform-plain-syntax"> </span><span class="Preform-identifier-syntax">TRUE</span><span class="Preform-plain-syntax">; }</span>
<span class="Preform-plain-syntax"> ==&gt; { </span><span class="Preform-identifier-syntax">fail</span><span class="Preform-plain-syntax"> </span><span class="Preform-identifier-syntax">nonterminal</span><span class="Preform-plain-syntax"> };</span>
<span class="Preform-plain-syntax">}</span>
<span class="Preform-function-syntax">&lt;definite-article&gt;</span><span class="Preform-plain-syntax"> </span><span class="Preform-constant-syntax">internal</span><span class="Preform-plain-syntax"> </span><span class="Preform-constant-syntax">1</span><span class="Preform-plain-syntax"> </span><span class="Preform-constant-syntax">{</span>
<span class="Preform-plain-syntax"> </span><span class="Preform-reserved-syntax">if</span><span class="Preform-plain-syntax"> (</span><span class="Preform-identifier-syntax">article_sws</span><span class="Preform-plain-syntax"> == </span><span class="Preform-identifier-syntax">NULL</span><span class="Preform-plain-syntax">) </span><a href="2-art.html#SP10" class="function-link"><span class="Preform-function-syntax">Articles::create_small_word_sets</span></a><span class="Preform-plain-syntax">();</span>
<span class="Preform-plain-syntax"> </span><span class="Preform-identifier-syntax">vocabulary_entry</span><span class="Preform-plain-syntax"> *</span><span class="Preform-identifier-syntax">ve</span><span class="Preform-plain-syntax"> = </span><span class="Preform-identifier-syntax">Lexer::word</span><span class="Preform-plain-syntax">(</span><span class="Preform-identifier-syntax">Wordings::first_wn</span><span class="Preform-plain-syntax">(</span><span class="Preform-identifier-syntax">W</span><span class="Preform-plain-syntax">));</span>
<span class="Preform-plain-syntax"> </span><span class="Preform-reserved-syntax">article_usage</span><span class="Preform-plain-syntax"> *</span><span class="Preform-identifier-syntax">au</span><span class="Preform-plain-syntax"> = </span><a href="1-sc.html#SP12" class="function-link"><span class="Preform-function-syntax">Stock::find_in_sws</span></a><span class="Preform-plain-syntax">(</span><span class="Preform-identifier-syntax">definite_article_sws</span><span class="Preform-plain-syntax">, </span><span class="Preform-identifier-syntax">ve</span><span class="Preform-plain-syntax">);</span>
<span class="Preform-plain-syntax"> </span><span class="Preform-reserved-syntax">if</span><span class="Preform-plain-syntax"> (</span><span class="Preform-identifier-syntax">au</span><span class="Preform-plain-syntax">) { ==&gt; { </span><span class="Preform-constant-syntax">0</span><span class="Preform-plain-syntax">, </span><span class="Preform-identifier-syntax">au</span><span class="Preform-plain-syntax"> }; </span><span class="Preform-reserved-syntax">return</span><span class="Preform-plain-syntax"> </span><span class="Preform-identifier-syntax">TRUE</span><span class="Preform-plain-syntax">; }</span>
<span class="Preform-plain-syntax"> ==&gt; { </span><span class="Preform-identifier-syntax">fail</span><span class="Preform-plain-syntax"> </span><span class="Preform-identifier-syntax">nonterminal</span><span class="Preform-plain-syntax"> };</span>
<span class="Preform-plain-syntax">}</span>
<span class="Preform-function-syntax">&lt;indefinite-article&gt;</span><span class="Preform-plain-syntax"> </span><span class="Preform-constant-syntax">internal</span><span class="Preform-plain-syntax"> </span><span class="Preform-constant-syntax">1</span><span class="Preform-plain-syntax"> </span><span class="Preform-constant-syntax">{</span>
<span class="Preform-plain-syntax"> </span><span class="Preform-reserved-syntax">if</span><span class="Preform-plain-syntax"> (</span><span class="Preform-identifier-syntax">article_sws</span><span class="Preform-plain-syntax"> == </span><span class="Preform-identifier-syntax">NULL</span><span class="Preform-plain-syntax">) </span><a href="2-art.html#SP10" class="function-link"><span class="Preform-function-syntax">Articles::create_small_word_sets</span></a><span class="Preform-plain-syntax">();</span>
<span class="Preform-plain-syntax"> </span><span class="Preform-identifier-syntax">vocabulary_entry</span><span class="Preform-plain-syntax"> *</span><span class="Preform-identifier-syntax">ve</span><span class="Preform-plain-syntax"> = </span><span class="Preform-identifier-syntax">Lexer::word</span><span class="Preform-plain-syntax">(</span><span class="Preform-identifier-syntax">Wordings::first_wn</span><span class="Preform-plain-syntax">(</span><span class="Preform-identifier-syntax">W</span><span class="Preform-plain-syntax">));</span>
<span class="Preform-plain-syntax"> </span><span class="Preform-reserved-syntax">article_usage</span><span class="Preform-plain-syntax"> *</span><span class="Preform-identifier-syntax">au</span><span class="Preform-plain-syntax"> = </span><a href="1-sc.html#SP12" class="function-link"><span class="Preform-function-syntax">Stock::find_in_sws</span></a><span class="Preform-plain-syntax">(</span><span class="Preform-identifier-syntax">indefinite_article_sws</span><span class="Preform-plain-syntax">, </span><span class="Preform-identifier-syntax">ve</span><span class="Preform-plain-syntax">);</span>
<span class="Preform-plain-syntax"> </span><span class="Preform-reserved-syntax">if</span><span class="Preform-plain-syntax"> (</span><span class="Preform-identifier-syntax">au</span><span class="Preform-plain-syntax">) { ==&gt; { </span><span class="Preform-constant-syntax">0</span><span class="Preform-plain-syntax">, </span><span class="Preform-identifier-syntax">au</span><span class="Preform-plain-syntax"> }; </span><span class="Preform-reserved-syntax">return</span><span class="Preform-plain-syntax"> </span><span class="Preform-identifier-syntax">TRUE</span><span class="Preform-plain-syntax">; }</span>
<span class="Preform-plain-syntax"> ==&gt; { </span><span class="Preform-identifier-syntax">fail</span><span class="Preform-plain-syntax"> </span><span class="Preform-identifier-syntax">nonterminal</span><span class="Preform-plain-syntax"> };</span>
<span class="Preform-plain-syntax">}</span>
</pre>
<ul class="endnotetexts"><li>This is <a href="../words-module/4-ap.html" class="internal">Preform grammar</a>, not regular C code.</li></ul>
<p class="commentary firstcommentary"><a id="SP13" class="paragraph-anchor"></a><b>&#167;13. English articles. </b>So, then, these nonterminals are not parsed by Preform but are instead used
to stock small word sets above. The format is the same as the one used in
<a href="2-prn.html" class="internal">Pronouns</a>: rows are cases, within which the sequence is neuter singular,
neuter plural, masculine singular, masculine plural, feminine singular,
feminine plural. In English, of course, articles hardly inflect at all,
but German would be quite a bit more interesting.
</p>
<pre class="Preform-displayed-code all-displayed-code code-font">
<span class="Preform-function-syntax">&lt;definite-article-table&gt;</span><span class="Preform-plain-syntax"> </span><span class="Preform-reserved-syntax">::=</span>
<span class="Preform-plain-syntax"> </span><span class="Preform-constant-syntax">the</span><span class="Preform-plain-syntax"> </span><span class="Preform-constant-syntax">the</span><span class="Preform-plain-syntax"> </span><span class="Preform-constant-syntax">the</span><span class="Preform-plain-syntax"> </span><span class="Preform-constant-syntax">the</span><span class="Preform-plain-syntax"> </span><span class="Preform-constant-syntax">the</span><span class="Preform-plain-syntax"> </span><span class="Preform-constant-syntax">the</span><span class="Preform-plain-syntax"> </span><span class="Preform-reserved-syntax">|</span>
<span class="Preform-plain-syntax"> </span><span class="Preform-constant-syntax">the</span><span class="Preform-plain-syntax"> </span><span class="Preform-constant-syntax">the</span><span class="Preform-plain-syntax"> </span><span class="Preform-constant-syntax">the</span><span class="Preform-plain-syntax"> </span><span class="Preform-constant-syntax">the</span><span class="Preform-plain-syntax"> </span><span class="Preform-constant-syntax">the</span><span class="Preform-plain-syntax"> </span><span class="Preform-constant-syntax">the</span>
<span class="Preform-function-syntax">&lt;indefinite-article-table&gt;</span><span class="Preform-plain-syntax"> </span><span class="Preform-reserved-syntax">::=</span>
<span class="Preform-plain-syntax"> </span><span class="Preform-constant-syntax">a/an</span><span class="Preform-plain-syntax"> </span><span class="Preform-constant-syntax">some</span><span class="Preform-plain-syntax"> </span><span class="Preform-constant-syntax">a/an</span><span class="Preform-plain-syntax"> </span><span class="Preform-constant-syntax">some</span><span class="Preform-plain-syntax"> </span><span class="Preform-constant-syntax">a/an</span><span class="Preform-plain-syntax"> </span><span class="Preform-constant-syntax">some</span><span class="Preform-plain-syntax"> </span><span class="Preform-reserved-syntax">|</span>
<span class="Preform-plain-syntax"> </span><span class="Preform-constant-syntax">a/an</span><span class="Preform-plain-syntax"> </span><span class="Preform-constant-syntax">some</span><span class="Preform-plain-syntax"> </span><span class="Preform-constant-syntax">a/an</span><span class="Preform-plain-syntax"> </span><span class="Preform-constant-syntax">some</span><span class="Preform-plain-syntax"> </span><span class="Preform-constant-syntax">a/an</span><span class="Preform-plain-syntax"> </span><span class="Preform-constant-syntax">some</span>
</pre>
<ul class="endnotetexts"><li>This is <a href="../words-module/4-ap.html" class="internal">Preform grammar</a>, not regular C code.</li></ul>
<p class="commentary firstcommentary"><a id="SP14" class="paragraph-anchor"></a><b>&#167;14. Unit testing. </b>The <a href="../linguistics-test/index.html" class="internal">linguistics-test</a> test case <span class="extract"><span class="Preform-extract-syntax">articles</span></span> calls this.
</p>
<pre class="displayed-code all-displayed-code code-font">
<span class="reserved-syntax">void</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="function-syntax">Articles::test</span><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">OUTPUT_STREAM</span><span class="plain-syntax">) {</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">WRITE</span><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="string-syntax">"article_sws:\n"</span><span class="plain-syntax">);</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><a href="2-art.html#SP14" class="function-link"><span class="function-syntax">Articles::write_sws</span></a><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">OUT</span><span class="plain-syntax">, </span><span class="identifier-syntax">article_sws</span><span class="plain-syntax">);</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">WRITE</span><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="string-syntax">"definite_article_sws:\n"</span><span class="plain-syntax">);</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><a href="2-art.html#SP14" class="function-link"><span class="function-syntax">Articles::write_sws</span></a><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">OUT</span><span class="plain-syntax">, </span><span class="identifier-syntax">definite_article_sws</span><span class="plain-syntax">);</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">WRITE</span><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="string-syntax">"indefinite_article_sws:\n"</span><span class="plain-syntax">);</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><a href="2-art.html#SP14" class="function-link"><span class="function-syntax">Articles::write_sws</span></a><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">OUT</span><span class="plain-syntax">, </span><span class="identifier-syntax">indefinite_article_sws</span><span class="plain-syntax">);</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">}</span>
<span class="reserved-syntax">void</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="function-syntax">Articles::write_sws</span><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">OUTPUT_STREAM</span><span class="plain-syntax">, </span><span class="reserved-syntax">small_word_set</span><span class="plain-syntax"> *</span><span class="identifier-syntax">sws</span><span class="plain-syntax">) {</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="reserved-syntax">for</span><span class="plain-syntax"> (</span><span class="reserved-syntax">int</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">i</span><span class="plain-syntax">=0; </span><span class="identifier-syntax">i</span><span class="function-syntax">&lt;sws-&gt;</span><span class="element-syntax">used</span><span class="plain-syntax">; </span><span class="identifier-syntax">i</span><span class="plain-syntax">++) {</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">WRITE</span><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="string-syntax">"(%d) %V:"</span><span class="plain-syntax">, </span><span class="identifier-syntax">i</span><span class="plain-syntax">, </span><span class="identifier-syntax">sws</span><span class="plain-syntax">-&gt;</span><span class="element-syntax">word_ve</span><span class="plain-syntax">[</span><span class="identifier-syntax">i</span><span class="plain-syntax">]);</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="reserved-syntax">article_usage</span><span class="plain-syntax"> *</span><span class="identifier-syntax">au</span><span class="plain-syntax"> = (</span><span class="reserved-syntax">article_usage</span><span class="plain-syntax"> *) </span><span class="identifier-syntax">sws</span><span class="plain-syntax">-&gt;</span><span class="element-syntax">results</span><span class="plain-syntax">[</span><span class="identifier-syntax">i</span><span class="plain-syntax">];</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><a href="2-art.html#SP3" class="function-link"><span class="function-syntax">Articles::write_usage</span></a><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">OUT</span><span class="plain-syntax">, </span><span class="identifier-syntax">au</span><span class="plain-syntax">);</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">WRITE</span><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="string-syntax">"\n"</span><span class="plain-syntax">);</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> }</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">}</span>
</pre>
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