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<!--Weave of 'Tries and Inflections' generated by Inweb-->
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<ul class="crumbs"><li><a href="../index.html">Home</a></li><li><a href="../compiler.html">Inform7 Modules</a></li><li><a href="index.html">inflections</a></li><li><a href="index.html#2">Chapter 2: Machinery</a></li><li><b>Tries and Inflections</b></li></ul></div>
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<p class="purpose">Using tries to inflect word endings.</p>
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<ul class="toc"><li><a href="2-tai.html#SP1">§1. Suffix inflections</a></li><li><a href="2-tai.html#SP2">§2. General tries</a></li></ul><hr class="tocbar">
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<p class="commentary firstcommentary"><a id="SP1"></a><b>§1. Suffix inflections. </b>The following inflects the ending of the supplied text. It does so by
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running the text through an avinue (a sequence of tries), whose result
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is an instruction on how to modify that text: for example, the result
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<span class="extract"><span class="extract-syntax">"3ize"</span></span> tells us to strike out the last 3 characters and add "ize".
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The special character <span class="extract"><span class="extract-syntax">+</span></span> means "duplicate the last character" and
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is useful for inflections which double consonants, such as "big" to
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"bigger", which can be done with the instruction <span class="extract"><span class="extract-syntax">"0+er"</span></span>.
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</p>
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<p class="commentary">If there's no initial digit, the result replaces the original entirely;
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if the result is null, i.e., if the avinue finds nothing, the result is
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the same as the original.
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</p>
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<pre class="displayed-code all-displayed-code code-font">
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<span class="reserved-syntax">int</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="function-syntax">Inflections::suffix_inflection</span><button class="popup" onclick="togglePopup('usagePopup1')"><span class="comment-syntax">?</span><span class="popuptext" id="usagePopup1">Usage of <span class="code-font"><span class="function-syntax">Inflections::suffix_inflection</span></span>:<br/><a href="2-tai.html#SP2">§2</a><br/>Pluralisation - <a href="3-plr.html#SP4">§4</a><br/>Grading Adjectives - <a href="3-ga.html#SP2">§2</a>, <a href="3-ga.html#SP3">§3</a><br/>Past Participles - <a href="3-pp.html#SP2">§2</a></span></button><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">OUTPUT_STREAM</span><span class="plain-syntax">, </span><span class="identifier-syntax">match_avinue</span><span class="plain-syntax"> *</span><span class="identifier-syntax">T</span><span class="plain-syntax">, </span><span class="identifier-syntax">text_stream</span><span class="plain-syntax"> *</span><span class="identifier-syntax">from</span><span class="plain-syntax">) {</span>
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<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">wchar_t</span><span class="plain-syntax"> *</span><span class="identifier-syntax">result</span><span class="plain-syntax"> = </span><span class="identifier-syntax">Tries::search_avinue</span><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">T</span><span class="plain-syntax">, </span><span class="identifier-syntax">from</span><span class="plain-syntax">);</span>
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<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="reserved-syntax">return</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><a href="2-tai.html#SP1" class="function-link"><span class="function-syntax">Inflections::follow_suffix_instruction</span></a><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">OUT</span><span class="plain-syntax">, </span><span class="identifier-syntax">from</span><span class="plain-syntax">, </span><span class="identifier-syntax">result</span><span class="plain-syntax">);</span>
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<span class="plain-syntax">}</span>
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<span class="reserved-syntax">int</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="function-syntax">Inflections::follow_suffix_instruction</span><button class="popup" onclick="togglePopup('usagePopup2')"><span class="comment-syntax">?</span><span class="popuptext" id="usagePopup2">Usage of <span class="code-font"><span class="function-syntax">Inflections::follow_suffix_instruction</span></span>:<br/>Declensions - <a href="3-dcl.html#SP3">§3</a></span></button><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">OUTPUT_STREAM</span><span class="plain-syntax">, </span><span class="identifier-syntax">text_stream</span><span class="plain-syntax"> *</span><span class="identifier-syntax">from</span><span class="plain-syntax">, </span><span class="identifier-syntax">wchar_t</span><span class="plain-syntax"> *</span><span class="identifier-syntax">instruction</span><span class="plain-syntax">) {</span>
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<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="reserved-syntax">int</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">success</span><span class="plain-syntax"> = </span><span class="identifier-syntax">TRUE</span><span class="plain-syntax">;</span>
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<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="reserved-syntax">if</span><span class="plain-syntax"> (</span><span class="identifier-syntax">instruction</span><span class="plain-syntax"> == </span><span class="identifier-syntax">NULL</span><span class="plain-syntax">) { </span><span class="identifier-syntax">success</span><span class="plain-syntax"> = </span><span class="identifier-syntax">FALSE</span><span class="plain-syntax">; </span><span class="identifier-syntax">instruction</span><span class="plain-syntax"> = </span><span class="identifier-syntax">L</span><span class="string-syntax">"0"</span><span class="plain-syntax">; }</span>
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<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="reserved-syntax">int</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">back</span><span class="plain-syntax"> = </span><span class="identifier-syntax">instruction</span><span class="plain-syntax">[0] - </span><span class="character-syntax">'0'</span><span class="plain-syntax">;</span>
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<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">TEMPORARY_TEXT</span><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">outcome</span><span class="plain-syntax">);</span>
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<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="reserved-syntax">if</span><span class="plain-syntax"> ((</span><span class="identifier-syntax">back</span><span class="plain-syntax"> < </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="plain-syntax">) || (</span><span class="identifier-syntax">back</span><span class="plain-syntax"> > </span><span class="constant-syntax">9</span><span class="plain-syntax">)) {</span>
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<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">WRITE_TO</span><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">outcome</span><span class="plain-syntax">, </span><span class="string-syntax">"%w"</span><span class="plain-syntax">, </span><span class="identifier-syntax">instruction</span><span class="plain-syntax">);</span>
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<span class="plain-syntax"> } </span><span class="reserved-syntax">else</span><span class="plain-syntax"> {</span>
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<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="reserved-syntax">for</span><span class="plain-syntax"> (</span><span class="reserved-syntax">int</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">i</span><span class="plain-syntax"> = </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="plain-syntax">, </span><span class="identifier-syntax">len</span><span class="plain-syntax"> = </span><span class="identifier-syntax">Str::len</span><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">from</span><span class="plain-syntax">); </span><span class="identifier-syntax">i</span><span class="plain-syntax"><</span><span class="identifier-syntax">len</span><span class="plain-syntax">-</span><span class="identifier-syntax">back</span><span class="plain-syntax">; </span><span class="identifier-syntax">i</span><span class="plain-syntax">++) </span><span class="identifier-syntax">PUT_TO</span><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">outcome</span><span class="plain-syntax">, </span><span class="identifier-syntax">Str::get_at</span><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">from</span><span class="plain-syntax">, </span><span class="identifier-syntax">i</span><span class="plain-syntax">));</span>
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<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="reserved-syntax">int</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">j</span><span class="plain-syntax"> = </span><span class="constant-syntax">1</span><span class="plain-syntax">;</span>
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<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="reserved-syntax">if</span><span class="plain-syntax"> (</span><span class="identifier-syntax">instruction</span><span class="plain-syntax">[</span><span class="identifier-syntax">j</span><span class="plain-syntax">] == </span><span class="character-syntax">'+'</span><span class="plain-syntax">) { </span><span class="reserved-syntax">int</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">last</span><span class="plain-syntax"> = </span><span class="identifier-syntax">Str::get_last_char</span><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">outcome</span><span class="plain-syntax">); </span><span class="identifier-syntax">PUT_TO</span><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">outcome</span><span class="plain-syntax">, </span><span class="identifier-syntax">last</span><span class="plain-syntax">); </span><span class="identifier-syntax">j</span><span class="plain-syntax">++; }</span>
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<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="reserved-syntax">for</span><span class="plain-syntax"> (; </span><span class="identifier-syntax">instruction</span><span class="plain-syntax">[</span><span class="identifier-syntax">j</span><span class="plain-syntax">]; </span><span class="identifier-syntax">j</span><span class="plain-syntax">++) </span><span class="identifier-syntax">PUT_TO</span><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">outcome</span><span class="plain-syntax">, </span><span class="identifier-syntax">instruction</span><span class="plain-syntax">[</span><span class="identifier-syntax">j</span><span class="plain-syntax">]);</span>
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<span class="plain-syntax"> }</span>
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<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">LOOP_THROUGH_TEXT</span><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">pos</span><span class="plain-syntax">, </span><span class="identifier-syntax">outcome</span><span class="plain-syntax">)</span>
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<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="reserved-syntax">if</span><span class="plain-syntax"> (</span><span class="identifier-syntax">Str::get</span><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">pos</span><span class="plain-syntax">) == </span><span class="character-syntax">'+'</span><span class="plain-syntax">) </span><span class="identifier-syntax">PUT</span><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="character-syntax">' '</span><span class="plain-syntax">);</span>
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<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="reserved-syntax">else</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">PUT</span><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">Str::get</span><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">pos</span><span class="plain-syntax">));</span>
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<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">DISCARD_TEXT</span><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">outcome</span><span class="plain-syntax">);</span>
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<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="reserved-syntax">return</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">success</span><span class="plain-syntax">;</span>
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<span class="plain-syntax">}</span>
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</pre>
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<p class="commentary firstcommentary"><a id="SP2"></a><b>§2. General tries. </b>Here we take a word assemblage and apply suffix inflection to the first word
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alone, preserving the rest. However, if the result of this inflection contains
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any <span class="extract"><span class="extract-syntax">+</span></span> signs, those become word boundaries. This allows for inflections which
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do more than simply fiddle with the final letters.
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</p>
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<pre class="displayed-code all-displayed-code code-font">
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<span class="identifier-syntax">word_assemblage</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="function-syntax">Inflections::apply_trie_to_wa</span><button class="popup" onclick="togglePopup('usagePopup3')"><span class="comment-syntax">?</span><span class="popuptext" id="usagePopup3">Usage of <span class="code-font"><span class="function-syntax">Inflections::apply_trie_to_wa</span></span>:<br/>Name Clusters - <a href="2-nc.html#SP4_1_1">§4.1.1</a><br/>Verb Conjugation - <a href="3-vc.html#SP4_2_1">§4.2.1</a></span></button><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">word_assemblage</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">wa</span><span class="plain-syntax">, </span><span class="identifier-syntax">match_avinue</span><span class="plain-syntax"> *</span><span class="identifier-syntax">T</span><span class="plain-syntax">) {</span>
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<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">vocabulary_entry</span><span class="plain-syntax"> **</span><span class="identifier-syntax">words</span><span class="plain-syntax">;</span>
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<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="reserved-syntax">int</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">no_words</span><span class="plain-syntax">;</span>
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<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">WordAssemblages::as_array</span><span class="plain-syntax">(&</span><span class="identifier-syntax">wa</span><span class="plain-syntax">, &</span><span class="identifier-syntax">words</span><span class="plain-syntax">, &</span><span class="identifier-syntax">no_words</span><span class="plain-syntax">);</span>
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<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="reserved-syntax">if</span><span class="plain-syntax"> (</span><span class="identifier-syntax">no_words</span><span class="plain-syntax"> == </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="plain-syntax">) </span><span class="reserved-syntax">return</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">wa</span><span class="plain-syntax">;</span>
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<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">TEMPORARY_TEXT</span><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">unsuffixed</span><span class="plain-syntax">);</span>
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<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">TEMPORARY_TEXT</span><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">suffixed</span><span class="plain-syntax">);</span>
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<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">WRITE_TO</span><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">unsuffixed</span><span class="plain-syntax">, </span><span class="string-syntax">"%V"</span><span class="plain-syntax">, </span><span class="identifier-syntax">words</span><span class="plain-syntax">[0]);</span>
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<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="reserved-syntax">int</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">s</span><span class="plain-syntax"> = </span><a href="2-tai.html#SP1" class="function-link"><span class="function-syntax">Inflections::suffix_inflection</span></a><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">suffixed</span><span class="plain-syntax">, </span><span class="identifier-syntax">T</span><span class="plain-syntax">, </span><span class="identifier-syntax">unsuffixed</span><span class="plain-syntax">);</span>
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<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="reserved-syntax">if</span><span class="plain-syntax"> (</span><span class="identifier-syntax">s</span><span class="plain-syntax"> == </span><span class="identifier-syntax">FALSE</span><span class="plain-syntax">) {</span>
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<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">LOOP_THROUGH_TEXT</span><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">pos</span><span class="plain-syntax">, </span><span class="identifier-syntax">unsuffixed</span><span class="plain-syntax">)</span>
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<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="reserved-syntax">if</span><span class="plain-syntax"> (</span><span class="identifier-syntax">Str::get</span><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">pos</span><span class="plain-syntax">) == </span><span class="character-syntax">'+'</span><span class="plain-syntax">) </span><span class="identifier-syntax">PUT_TO</span><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">suffixed</span><span class="plain-syntax">, </span><span class="character-syntax">' '</span><span class="plain-syntax">);</span>
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<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="reserved-syntax">else</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">PUT_TO</span><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">suffixed</span><span class="plain-syntax">, </span><span class="identifier-syntax">Str::get</span><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">pos</span><span class="plain-syntax">));</span>
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<span class="plain-syntax"> }</span>
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<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">wording</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">W</span><span class="plain-syntax"> = </span><span class="identifier-syntax">Feeds::feed_stream</span><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">suffixed</span><span class="plain-syntax">);</span>
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<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">WordAssemblages::truncate</span><span class="plain-syntax">(&</span><span class="identifier-syntax">wa</span><span class="plain-syntax">, </span><span class="constant-syntax">1</span><span class="plain-syntax">);</span>
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<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">DISCARD_TEXT</span><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">suffixed</span><span class="plain-syntax">);</span>
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<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">DISCARD_TEXT</span><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">unsuffixed</span><span class="plain-syntax">);</span>
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<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="reserved-syntax">return</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">WordAssemblages::join</span><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">WordAssemblages::from_wording</span><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">W</span><span class="plain-syntax">), </span><span class="identifier-syntax">wa</span><span class="plain-syntax">);</span>
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<span class="plain-syntax">}</span>
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</pre>
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