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<ul class="crumbs"><li><a href="../index.html">Home</a></li><li><a href="../extensions.html">Kits</a></li><li><a href="index.html">BasicInformKit</a></li><li><b>Char Template</b></li></ul></div>
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<p class="purpose">To decide whether letters are upper or lower case, and convert between the two.</p>
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<ul class="toc"><li><a href="S-chr.html#SP1">§1. Char Is Of Case</a></li><li><a href="S-chr.html#SP2">§2. Char To Case</a></li><li><a href="S-chr.html#SP3">§3. DigitToValue</a></li><li><a href="S-chr.html#SP4">§4. Testing</a></li></ul><hr class="tocbar">
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<p class="commentary firstcommentary"><a id="SP1" class="paragraph-anchor"></a><b>§1. Char Is Of Case. </b>The following decides whether a character <span class="extract"><span class="extract-syntax">c</span></span> belongs to case <span class="extract"><span class="extract-syntax">case</span></span>, where
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0 means lower case and 1 means upper. <span class="extract"><span class="extract-syntax">c</span></span> is interpreted according to the
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character casing chart in "UnicodeData.i6t", which means, it will be
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ZSCII for the Z-machine and Unicode for Glulx.
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</p>
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<pre class="displayed-code all-displayed-code code-font">
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<span class="plain-syntax">[ </span><span class="identifier-syntax">CharIsOfCase</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">c</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">case</span>
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<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">i</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">tab</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">min</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">max</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">len</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">par</span><span class="plain-syntax">;</span>
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<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="reserved-syntax">if</span><span class="plain-syntax"> (</span><span class="identifier-syntax">c</span><span class="plain-syntax"><</span><span class="character-syntax">'A'</span><span class="plain-syntax">) </span><span class="reserved-syntax">rfalse</span><span class="plain-syntax">;</span>
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<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="reserved-syntax">if</span><span class="plain-syntax"> (</span><span class="identifier-syntax">case</span><span class="plain-syntax"> == </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="plain-syntax">) {</span>
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<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="reserved-syntax">if</span><span class="plain-syntax"> ((</span><span class="identifier-syntax">c</span><span class="plain-syntax"> >= </span><span class="character-syntax">'a'</span><span class="plain-syntax">) && (</span><span class="identifier-syntax">c</span><span class="plain-syntax"> <= </span><span class="character-syntax">'z'</span><span class="plain-syntax">)) </span><span class="reserved-syntax">rtrue</span><span class="plain-syntax">;</span>
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<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">tab</span><span class="plain-syntax"> = </span><span class="identifier-syntax">CharCasingChart0</span><span class="plain-syntax">;</span>
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<span class="plain-syntax"> } </span><span class="reserved-syntax">else</span><span class="plain-syntax"> {</span>
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<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="reserved-syntax">if</span><span class="plain-syntax"> ((</span><span class="identifier-syntax">c</span><span class="plain-syntax"> >= </span><span class="character-syntax">'A'</span><span class="plain-syntax">) && (</span><span class="identifier-syntax">c</span><span class="plain-syntax"> <= </span><span class="character-syntax">'Z'</span><span class="plain-syntax">)) </span><span class="reserved-syntax">rtrue</span><span class="plain-syntax">;</span>
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<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">tab</span><span class="plain-syntax"> = </span><span class="identifier-syntax">CharCasingChart1</span><span class="plain-syntax">;</span>
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<span class="plain-syntax"> }</span>
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<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="reserved-syntax">if</span><span class="plain-syntax"> (</span><span class="identifier-syntax">c</span><span class="plain-syntax"><128) </span><span class="reserved-syntax">rfalse</span><span class="plain-syntax">;</span>
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<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="reserved-syntax">while</span><span class="plain-syntax"> (</span><span class="identifier-syntax">tab</span><span class="plain-syntax">--></span><span class="identifier-syntax">i</span><span class="plain-syntax">) {</span>
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<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">min</span><span class="plain-syntax"> = </span><span class="identifier-syntax">tab</span><span class="plain-syntax">--></span><span class="identifier-syntax">i</span><span class="plain-syntax">; </span><span class="identifier-syntax">i</span><span class="plain-syntax">++;</span>
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<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">len</span><span class="plain-syntax"> = </span><span class="identifier-syntax">tab</span><span class="plain-syntax">--></span><span class="identifier-syntax">i</span><span class="plain-syntax">; </span><span class="identifier-syntax">i</span><span class="plain-syntax">++;</span>
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<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">i</span><span class="plain-syntax">++;</span>
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<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">par</span><span class="plain-syntax"> = </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="plain-syntax">;</span>
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<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="reserved-syntax">if</span><span class="plain-syntax"> (</span><span class="identifier-syntax">len</span><span class="plain-syntax"><0) { </span><span class="identifier-syntax">par</span><span class="plain-syntax"> = </span><span class="constant-syntax">1</span><span class="plain-syntax">; </span><span class="identifier-syntax">len</span><span class="plain-syntax"> = -</span><span class="identifier-syntax">len</span><span class="plain-syntax">; }</span>
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<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="reserved-syntax">if</span><span class="plain-syntax"> (</span><span class="identifier-syntax">c</span><span class="plain-syntax"> < </span><span class="identifier-syntax">min</span><span class="plain-syntax">) </span><span class="reserved-syntax">rfalse</span><span class="plain-syntax">;</span>
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<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="reserved-syntax">if</span><span class="plain-syntax"> (</span><span class="identifier-syntax">c</span><span class="plain-syntax"> < </span><span class="identifier-syntax">min</span><span class="plain-syntax">+</span><span class="identifier-syntax">len</span><span class="plain-syntax">) {</span>
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<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="reserved-syntax">if</span><span class="plain-syntax"> (</span><span class="identifier-syntax">par</span><span class="plain-syntax">) { </span><span class="reserved-syntax">if</span><span class="plain-syntax"> ((</span><span class="identifier-syntax">c</span><span class="plain-syntax">-</span><span class="identifier-syntax">min</span><span class="plain-syntax">) % </span><span class="constant-syntax">2</span><span class="plain-syntax"> == </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="plain-syntax">) </span><span class="reserved-syntax">rtrue</span><span class="plain-syntax">; }</span>
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<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="reserved-syntax">else</span><span class="plain-syntax"> { </span><span class="reserved-syntax">rtrue</span><span class="plain-syntax">; }</span>
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<span class="plain-syntax"> }</span>
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<span class="plain-syntax"> }</span>
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<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="reserved-syntax">rfalse</span><span class="plain-syntax">;</span>
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<span class="plain-syntax">];</span>
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</pre>
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<p class="commentary firstcommentary"><a id="SP2" class="paragraph-anchor"></a><b>§2. Char To Case. </b>And the following converts character <span class="extract"><span class="extract-syntax">c</span></span> to the desired case, or returns
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it unchanged if it is not a letter with variant casings.
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</p>
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<pre class="displayed-code all-displayed-code code-font">
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<span class="plain-syntax">[ </span><span class="identifier-syntax">CharToCase</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">c</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">case</span>
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<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">i</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">tab</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">min</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">max</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">len</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">par</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">del</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">f</span><span class="plain-syntax">;</span>
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<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="reserved-syntax">if</span><span class="plain-syntax"> (</span><span class="identifier-syntax">c</span><span class="plain-syntax"><</span><span class="character-syntax">'A'</span><span class="plain-syntax">) </span><span class="reserved-syntax">return</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">c</span><span class="plain-syntax">;</span>
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<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="reserved-syntax">if</span><span class="plain-syntax"> (</span><span class="identifier-syntax">case</span><span class="plain-syntax"> == </span><span class="constant-syntax">1</span><span class="plain-syntax">) {</span>
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<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="reserved-syntax">if</span><span class="plain-syntax"> ((</span><span class="identifier-syntax">c</span><span class="plain-syntax"> >= </span><span class="character-syntax">'a'</span><span class="plain-syntax">) && (</span><span class="identifier-syntax">c</span><span class="plain-syntax"> <= </span><span class="character-syntax">'z'</span><span class="plain-syntax">)) </span><span class="reserved-syntax">return</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">c</span><span class="plain-syntax">-32;</span>
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<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">tab</span><span class="plain-syntax"> = </span><span class="identifier-syntax">CharCasingChart0</span><span class="plain-syntax">;</span>
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<span class="plain-syntax"> } </span><span class="reserved-syntax">else</span><span class="plain-syntax"> {</span>
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<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="reserved-syntax">if</span><span class="plain-syntax"> ((</span><span class="identifier-syntax">c</span><span class="plain-syntax"> >= </span><span class="character-syntax">'A'</span><span class="plain-syntax">) && (</span><span class="identifier-syntax">c</span><span class="plain-syntax"> <= </span><span class="character-syntax">'Z'</span><span class="plain-syntax">)) </span><span class="reserved-syntax">return</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">c</span><span class="plain-syntax">+32;</span>
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<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">tab</span><span class="plain-syntax"> = </span><span class="identifier-syntax">CharCasingChart1</span><span class="plain-syntax">;</span>
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<span class="plain-syntax"> }</span>
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<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="reserved-syntax">if</span><span class="plain-syntax"> (</span><span class="identifier-syntax">c</span><span class="plain-syntax"><128) </span><span class="reserved-syntax">return</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">c</span><span class="plain-syntax">;</span>
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<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="reserved-syntax">while</span><span class="plain-syntax"> (</span><span class="identifier-syntax">tab</span><span class="plain-syntax">--></span><span class="identifier-syntax">i</span><span class="plain-syntax">) {</span>
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<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">min</span><span class="plain-syntax"> = </span><span class="identifier-syntax">tab</span><span class="plain-syntax">--></span><span class="identifier-syntax">i</span><span class="plain-syntax">; </span><span class="identifier-syntax">i</span><span class="plain-syntax">++;</span>
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<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">len</span><span class="plain-syntax"> = </span><span class="identifier-syntax">tab</span><span class="plain-syntax">--></span><span class="identifier-syntax">i</span><span class="plain-syntax">; </span><span class="identifier-syntax">i</span><span class="plain-syntax">++;</span>
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<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">del</span><span class="plain-syntax"> = </span><span class="identifier-syntax">tab</span><span class="plain-syntax">--></span><span class="identifier-syntax">i</span><span class="plain-syntax">; </span><span class="identifier-syntax">i</span><span class="plain-syntax">++;</span>
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<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">par</span><span class="plain-syntax"> = </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="plain-syntax">;</span>
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<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="reserved-syntax">if</span><span class="plain-syntax"> (</span><span class="identifier-syntax">len</span><span class="plain-syntax"><0) { </span><span class="identifier-syntax">par</span><span class="plain-syntax"> = </span><span class="constant-syntax">1</span><span class="plain-syntax">; </span><span class="identifier-syntax">len</span><span class="plain-syntax"> = -</span><span class="identifier-syntax">len</span><span class="plain-syntax">; }</span>
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<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="reserved-syntax">if</span><span class="plain-syntax"> (</span><span class="identifier-syntax">c</span><span class="plain-syntax"> < </span><span class="identifier-syntax">min</span><span class="plain-syntax">) </span><span class="reserved-syntax">return</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">c</span><span class="plain-syntax">;</span>
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<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="reserved-syntax">if</span><span class="plain-syntax"> (</span><span class="identifier-syntax">c</span><span class="plain-syntax"> < </span><span class="identifier-syntax">min</span><span class="plain-syntax">+</span><span class="identifier-syntax">len</span><span class="plain-syntax">) {</span>
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<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">f</span><span class="plain-syntax"> = </span><span class="reserved-syntax">false</span><span class="plain-syntax">;</span>
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<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="reserved-syntax">if</span><span class="plain-syntax"> (</span><span class="identifier-syntax">par</span><span class="plain-syntax">) { </span><span class="reserved-syntax">if</span><span class="plain-syntax"> ((</span><span class="identifier-syntax">c</span><span class="plain-syntax">-</span><span class="identifier-syntax">min</span><span class="plain-syntax">) % </span><span class="constant-syntax">2</span><span class="plain-syntax"> == </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="plain-syntax">) </span><span class="identifier-syntax">f</span><span class="plain-syntax"> = </span><span class="reserved-syntax">true</span><span class="plain-syntax">; }</span>
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<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="reserved-syntax">else</span><span class="plain-syntax"> { </span><span class="identifier-syntax">f</span><span class="plain-syntax"> = </span><span class="reserved-syntax">true</span><span class="plain-syntax">; }</span>
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<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="reserved-syntax">if</span><span class="plain-syntax"> (</span><span class="identifier-syntax">f</span><span class="plain-syntax">) {</span>
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<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="reserved-syntax">if</span><span class="plain-syntax"> (</span><span class="identifier-syntax">del</span><span class="plain-syntax"> == </span><span class="identifier-syntax">UNIC_NCT</span><span class="plain-syntax">) </span><span class="reserved-syntax">return</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">c</span><span class="plain-syntax">;</span>
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<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="reserved-syntax">return</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">c</span><span class="plain-syntax">+</span><span class="identifier-syntax">del</span><span class="plain-syntax">;</span>
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<span class="plain-syntax"> }</span>
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<span class="plain-syntax"> }</span>
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<span class="plain-syntax"> }</span>
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<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="reserved-syntax">return</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">c</span><span class="plain-syntax">;</span>
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<span class="plain-syntax">];</span>
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</pre>
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<p class="commentary firstcommentary"><a id="SP3" class="paragraph-anchor"></a><b>§3. DigitToValue. </b>This takes a ZSCII or Unicode character code and returns its value as a digit,
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or returns \(-1\) if it isn't a digit.
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</p>
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<pre class="displayed-code all-displayed-code code-font">
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<span class="plain-syntax">[ </span><span class="identifier-syntax">DigitToValue</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">c</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">base</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">n</span><span class="plain-syntax">;</span>
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<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="reserved-syntax">if</span><span class="plain-syntax"> (</span><span class="identifier-syntax">base</span><span class="plain-syntax"> == </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="plain-syntax">) {</span>
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<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">n</span><span class="plain-syntax"> = </span><span class="identifier-syntax">c</span><span class="plain-syntax">-</span><span class="character-syntax">'0'</span><span class="plain-syntax">;</span>
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<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="reserved-syntax">if</span><span class="plain-syntax"> ((</span><span class="identifier-syntax">n</span><span class="plain-syntax"><0) || (</span><span class="identifier-syntax">n</span><span class="plain-syntax">>9)) </span><span class="reserved-syntax">return</span><span class="plain-syntax"> -1;</span>
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<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="reserved-syntax">return</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">n</span><span class="plain-syntax">;</span>
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<span class="plain-syntax"> }</span>
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<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="reserved-syntax">if</span><span class="plain-syntax"> ((</span><span class="identifier-syntax">c</span><span class="plain-syntax"> >= </span><span class="character-syntax">'0'</span><span class="plain-syntax">) && (</span><span class="identifier-syntax">c</span><span class="plain-syntax"> <= </span><span class="character-syntax">'9'</span><span class="plain-syntax">)) </span><span class="identifier-syntax">n</span><span class="plain-syntax"> = </span><span class="identifier-syntax">c</span><span class="plain-syntax"> - </span><span class="character-syntax">'0'</span><span class="plain-syntax">;</span>
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<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="reserved-syntax">else</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="reserved-syntax">if</span><span class="plain-syntax"> ((</span><span class="identifier-syntax">c</span><span class="plain-syntax"> >= </span><span class="character-syntax">'a'</span><span class="plain-syntax">) && (</span><span class="identifier-syntax">c</span><span class="plain-syntax"> <= </span><span class="character-syntax">'z'</span><span class="plain-syntax">)) </span><span class="identifier-syntax">n</span><span class="plain-syntax"> = </span><span class="identifier-syntax">c</span><span class="plain-syntax"> - </span><span class="character-syntax">'a'</span><span class="plain-syntax"> + </span><span class="constant-syntax">10</span><span class="plain-syntax">;</span>
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<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="reserved-syntax">else</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="reserved-syntax">if</span><span class="plain-syntax"> ((</span><span class="identifier-syntax">c</span><span class="plain-syntax"> >= </span><span class="character-syntax">'A'</span><span class="plain-syntax">) && (</span><span class="identifier-syntax">c</span><span class="plain-syntax"> <= </span><span class="character-syntax">'Z'</span><span class="plain-syntax">)) </span><span class="identifier-syntax">n</span><span class="plain-syntax"> = </span><span class="identifier-syntax">c</span><span class="plain-syntax"> - </span><span class="character-syntax">'A'</span><span class="plain-syntax"> + </span><span class="constant-syntax">10</span><span class="plain-syntax">;</span>
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<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="reserved-syntax">else</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="reserved-syntax">return</span><span class="plain-syntax"> -1;</span>
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<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="reserved-syntax">if</span><span class="plain-syntax"> (</span><span class="identifier-syntax">n</span><span class="plain-syntax"> < </span><span class="identifier-syntax">base</span><span class="plain-syntax">) </span><span class="reserved-syntax">return</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">n</span><span class="plain-syntax">;</span>
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<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="reserved-syntax">return</span><span class="plain-syntax"> -1;</span>
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<span class="plain-syntax">];</span>
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</pre>
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<p class="commentary firstcommentary"><a id="SP4" class="paragraph-anchor"></a><b>§4. Testing. </b>Not actually used: simply for testing the tables.
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</p>
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<pre class="displayed-code all-displayed-code code-font">
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<span class="plain-syntax">[ </span><span class="identifier-syntax">CharTestCases</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">case</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">i</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">j</span><span class="plain-syntax">;</span>
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<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="reserved-syntax">for</span><span class="plain-syntax"> (</span><span class="identifier-syntax">i</span><span class="plain-syntax">=32: </span><span class="identifier-syntax">i</span><span class="plain-syntax"><</span><span class="constant-syntax">$E0</span><span class="plain-syntax">: </span><span class="identifier-syntax">i</span><span class="plain-syntax">++) {</span>
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<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="reserved-syntax">if</span><span class="plain-syntax"> ((</span><span class="identifier-syntax">i</span><span class="plain-syntax">>=127) && (</span><span class="identifier-syntax">i</span><span class="plain-syntax"><155)) </span><span class="reserved-syntax">continue</span><span class="plain-syntax">;</span>
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<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="reserved-syntax">print</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">i</span><span class="plain-syntax">, </span><span class="string-syntax">" - "</span><span class="plain-syntax">, (</span><span class="identifier-syntax">char</span><span class="plain-syntax">) </span><span class="identifier-syntax">i</span><span class="plain-syntax">, </span><span class="string-syntax">" -"</span><span class="plain-syntax">;</span>
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<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="reserved-syntax">if</span><span class="plain-syntax"> (</span><span class="identifier-syntax">CharIsOfCase</span><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">i</span><span class="plain-syntax">, </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="plain-syntax">)) </span><span class="reserved-syntax">print</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="string-syntax">" lower"</span><span class="plain-syntax">;</span>
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<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="reserved-syntax">if</span><span class="plain-syntax"> (</span><span class="identifier-syntax">CharIsOfCase</span><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">i</span><span class="plain-syntax">, </span><span class="constant-syntax">1</span><span class="plain-syntax">)) </span><span class="reserved-syntax">print</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="string-syntax">" upper"</span><span class="plain-syntax">;</span>
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<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">j</span><span class="plain-syntax"> = </span><span class="identifier-syntax">CharToCase</span><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">i</span><span class="plain-syntax">, </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="plain-syntax">); </span><span class="reserved-syntax">if</span><span class="plain-syntax"> (</span><span class="identifier-syntax">j</span><span class="plain-syntax"> ~= </span><span class="identifier-syntax">i</span><span class="plain-syntax">) </span><span class="reserved-syntax">print</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="string-syntax">" tolower: "</span><span class="plain-syntax">, (</span><span class="identifier-syntax">char</span><span class="plain-syntax">) </span><span class="identifier-syntax">j</span><span class="plain-syntax">;</span>
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<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">j</span><span class="plain-syntax"> = </span><span class="identifier-syntax">CharToCase</span><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">i</span><span class="plain-syntax">, </span><span class="constant-syntax">1</span><span class="plain-syntax">); </span><span class="reserved-syntax">if</span><span class="plain-syntax"> (</span><span class="identifier-syntax">j</span><span class="plain-syntax"> ~= </span><span class="identifier-syntax">i</span><span class="plain-syntax">) </span><span class="reserved-syntax">print</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="string-syntax">" toupper: "</span><span class="plain-syntax">, (</span><span class="identifier-syntax">char</span><span class="plain-syntax">) </span><span class="identifier-syntax">j</span><span class="plain-syntax">;</span>
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<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="reserved-syntax">print</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="string-syntax">"^"</span><span class="plain-syntax">;</span>
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<span class="plain-syntax"> }</span>
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<span class="plain-syntax">];</span>
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</pre>
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