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<ul class="crumbs"><li><a href="../webs.html">&#9733;</a></li><li><a href="index.html">core</a></li><li><a href="index.html#6">Chapter 6: Verbs</a></li><li><b>The Universal Relation</b></li></ul><p class="purpose">To define the universal relation, which can apply and therefore subsumes all other relations.</p>
<ul class="toc"><li><a href="#SP1">&#167;1. Definitions</a></li><li><a href="#SP3">&#167;3. Initial stock</a></li><li><a href="#SP4">&#167;4. Second stock</a></li><li><a href="#SP5">&#167;5. Typechecking</a></li><li><a href="#SP6">&#167;6. Assertion</a></li><li><a href="#SP7">&#167;7. Compilation</a></li><li><a href="#SP8">&#167;8. Problem message text</a></li></ul><hr class="tocbar">
<p class="inwebparagraph"><a id="SP1"></a><b>&#167;1. Definitions. </b></p>
<p class="inwebparagraph"><a id="SP2"></a><b>&#167;2. </b></p>
<pre class="display">
<span class="reserved">binary_predicate</span><span class="plain"> *</span><span class="identifier">R_universal</span><span class="plain"> = </span><span class="identifier">NULL</span><span class="plain">;</span>
<span class="reserved">binary_predicate</span><span class="plain"> *</span><span class="identifier">R_meaning</span><span class="plain"> = </span><span class="identifier">NULL</span><span class="plain">;</span>
</pre>
<p class="inwebparagraph"></p>
<p class="inwebparagraph"><a id="SP3"></a><b>&#167;3. Initial stock. </b>There are just two relations of this kind, and both are hard-wired in.
</p>
<pre class="display">
<span class="reserved">void</span><span class="plain"> </span><span class="functiontext">Relations::Universal::REL_create_initial_stock</span><span class="plain">(</span><span class="reserved">void</span><span class="plain">) {</span>
<span class="identifier">R_universal</span><span class="plain"> =</span>
<span class="functiontext">BinaryPredicates::make_pair</span><span class="plain">(</span><span class="constant">UNIVERSAL_KBP</span><span class="plain">,</span>
<span class="functiontext">BinaryPredicates::new_term</span><span class="plain">(</span><span class="identifier">NULL</span><span class="plain">), </span><span class="functiontext">BinaryPredicates::new_term</span><span class="plain">(</span><span class="identifier">NULL</span><span class="plain">),</span>
<span class="identifier">I</span><span class="string">"relates"</span><span class="plain">, </span><span class="identifier">NULL</span><span class="plain">, </span><span class="identifier">NULL</span><span class="plain">, </span><span class="identifier">NULL</span><span class="plain">, </span><span class="identifier">NULL</span><span class="plain">,</span>
<span class="identifier">Preform::Nonparsing::wording</span><span class="plain">(&lt;</span><span class="identifier">relation</span><span class="plain">-</span><span class="identifier">names</span><span class="plain">&gt;, </span><span class="constant">UNIVERSAL_RELATION_NAME</span><span class="plain">));</span>
<span class="identifier">R_meaning</span><span class="plain"> =</span>
<span class="functiontext">BinaryPredicates::make_pair</span><span class="plain">(</span><span class="constant">UNIVERSAL_KBP</span><span class="plain">,</span>
<span class="functiontext">BinaryPredicates::new_term</span><span class="plain">(</span><span class="identifier">NULL</span><span class="plain">), </span><span class="functiontext">BinaryPredicates::new_term</span><span class="plain">(</span><span class="identifier">NULL</span><span class="plain">),</span>
<span class="identifier">I</span><span class="string">"means"</span><span class="plain">, </span><span class="identifier">NULL</span><span class="plain">, </span><span class="identifier">NULL</span><span class="plain">, </span><span class="identifier">NULL</span><span class="plain">, </span><span class="identifier">NULL</span><span class="plain">,</span>
<span class="identifier">Preform::Nonparsing::wording</span><span class="plain">(&lt;</span><span class="identifier">relation</span><span class="plain">-</span><span class="identifier">names</span><span class="plain">&gt;, </span><span class="constant">MEANING_RELATION_NAME</span><span class="plain">));</span>
<span class="plain">}</span>
</pre>
<p class="inwebparagraph"></p>
<p class="endnote">The function Relations::Universal::REL_create_initial_stock is used in 6/bp (<a href="6-bp.html#SP45">&#167;45</a>).</p>
<p class="inwebparagraph"><a id="SP4"></a><b>&#167;4. Second stock. </b>There is none, of course.
</p>
<pre class="display">
<span class="reserved">void</span><span class="plain"> </span><span class="functiontext">Relations::Universal::REL_create_second_stock</span><span class="plain">(</span><span class="reserved">void</span><span class="plain">) {</span>
<span class="plain">}</span>
</pre>
<p class="inwebparagraph"></p>
<p class="endnote">The function Relations::Universal::REL_create_second_stock is used in 6/bp (<a href="6-bp.html#SP46">&#167;46</a>).</p>
<p class="inwebparagraph"><a id="SP5"></a><b>&#167;5. Typechecking. </b>Universality is tricky to check.
</p>
<pre class="display">
<span class="reserved">int</span><span class="plain"> </span><span class="functiontext">Relations::Universal::REL_typecheck</span><span class="plain">(</span><span class="reserved">binary_predicate</span><span class="plain"> *</span><span class="identifier">bp</span><span class="plain">,</span>
<span class="identifier">kind</span><span class="plain"> **</span><span class="identifier">kinds_of_terms</span><span class="plain">, </span><span class="identifier">kind</span><span class="plain"> **</span><span class="identifier">kinds_required</span><span class="plain">, </span><span class="reserved">tc_problem_kit</span><span class="plain"> *</span><span class="identifier">tck</span><span class="plain">) {</span>
<span class="reserved">if</span><span class="plain"> (</span><span class="identifier">bp</span><span class="plain"> == </span><span class="identifier">R_meaning</span><span class="plain">) {</span>
<span class="reserved">if</span><span class="plain"> (</span><span class="identifier">Kinds::Compare::eq</span><span class="plain">(</span><span class="identifier">kinds_of_terms</span><span class="plain">[0], </span><span class="identifier">K_verb</span><span class="plain">) == </span><span class="identifier">FALSE</span><span class="plain">) {</span>
<span class="functiontext">Problems::quote_kind</span><span class="plain">(4, </span><span class="identifier">kinds_of_terms</span><span class="plain">[0]);</span>
<span class="functiontext">Problems::Issue::tcp_problem</span><span class="plain">(</span><span class="identifier">_p_</span><span class="plain">(...), </span><span class="identifier">tck</span><span class="plain">,</span>
<span class="string">"that asks whether something means something, and in Inform 'to mean' "</span>
<span class="string">"means that a particular relation is the meaning of a given verb. "</span>
<span class="string">"Here, though, we have %4 rather than the name of a verb."</span><span class="plain">);</span>
<span class="reserved">return</span><span class="plain"> </span><span class="identifier">NEVER_MATCH</span><span class="plain">;</span>
<span class="plain">}</span>
<span class="reserved">if</span><span class="plain"> (</span><span class="identifier">Kinds::get_construct</span><span class="plain">(</span><span class="identifier">kinds_of_terms</span><span class="plain">[1]) != </span><span class="identifier">CON_relation</span><span class="plain">) {</span>
<span class="functiontext">Problems::quote_kind</span><span class="plain">(4, </span><span class="identifier">kinds_of_terms</span><span class="plain">[1]);</span>
<span class="functiontext">Problems::Issue::tcp_problem</span><span class="plain">(</span><span class="identifier">_p_</span><span class="plain">(...), </span><span class="identifier">tck</span><span class="plain">,</span>
<span class="string">"that asks whether something means something, and in Inform 'to mean' "</span>
<span class="string">"means that a particular relation is the meaning of a given verb. "</span>
<span class="string">"Here, though, we have %4 rather than the name of a relation."</span><span class="plain">);</span>
<span class="reserved">return</span><span class="plain"> </span><span class="identifier">NEVER_MATCH</span><span class="plain">;</span>
<span class="plain">}</span>
<span class="plain">} </span><span class="reserved">else</span><span class="plain"> {</span>
<span class="reserved">if</span><span class="plain"> (</span><span class="identifier">Kinds::get_construct</span><span class="plain">(</span><span class="identifier">kinds_of_terms</span><span class="plain">[0]) != </span><span class="identifier">CON_relation</span><span class="plain">) {</span>
<span class="functiontext">Problems::quote_kind</span><span class="plain">(4, </span><span class="identifier">kinds_of_terms</span><span class="plain">[0]);</span>
<span class="functiontext">Problems::Issue::tcp_problem</span><span class="plain">(</span><span class="identifier">_p_</span><span class="plain">(</span><span class="identifier">BelievedImpossible</span><span class="plain">), </span><span class="identifier">tck</span><span class="plain">,</span>
<span class="string">"that asks whether something relates something, and in Inform 'to relate' "</span>
<span class="string">"means that a particular relation applies between two things. Here, though, "</span>
<span class="string">"we have %4 rather than the name of a relation."</span><span class="plain">);</span>
<span class="reserved">return</span><span class="plain"> </span><span class="identifier">NEVER_MATCH</span><span class="plain">;</span>
<span class="plain">}</span>
<span class="reserved">if</span><span class="plain"> (</span><span class="identifier">Kinds::get_construct</span><span class="plain">(</span><span class="identifier">kinds_of_terms</span><span class="plain">[1]) != </span><span class="identifier">CON_combination</span><span class="plain">) {</span>
<span class="functiontext">Problems::quote_kind</span><span class="plain">(4, </span><span class="identifier">kinds_of_terms</span><span class="plain">[1]);</span>
<span class="functiontext">Problems::Issue::tcp_problem</span><span class="plain">(</span><span class="identifier">_p_</span><span class="plain">(</span><span class="identifier">BelievedImpossible</span><span class="plain">), </span><span class="identifier">tck</span><span class="plain">,</span>
<span class="string">"that asks whether something relates something, and in Inform 'to relate' "</span>
<span class="string">"means that a particular relation applies between two things. Here, though, "</span>
<span class="string">"we have %4 rather than the combination of the two things."</span><span class="plain">);</span>
<span class="reserved">return</span><span class="plain"> </span><span class="identifier">NEVER_MATCH</span><span class="plain">;</span>
<span class="plain">}</span>
<span class="identifier">kind</span><span class="plain"> *</span><span class="identifier">rleft</span><span class="plain"> = </span><span class="identifier">NULL</span><span class="plain">, *</span><span class="identifier">rright</span><span class="plain"> = </span><span class="identifier">NULL</span><span class="plain">;</span>
<span class="identifier">Kinds::binary_construction_material</span><span class="plain">(</span><span class="identifier">kinds_of_terms</span><span class="plain">[0], &amp;</span><span class="identifier">rleft</span><span class="plain">, &amp;</span><span class="identifier">rright</span><span class="plain">);</span>
<span class="identifier">kind</span><span class="plain"> *</span><span class="identifier">cleft</span><span class="plain"> = </span><span class="identifier">NULL</span><span class="plain">, *</span><span class="identifier">cright</span><span class="plain"> = </span><span class="identifier">NULL</span><span class="plain">;</span>
<span class="identifier">Kinds::binary_construction_material</span><span class="plain">(</span><span class="identifier">kinds_of_terms</span><span class="plain">[1], &amp;</span><span class="identifier">cleft</span><span class="plain">, &amp;</span><span class="identifier">cright</span><span class="plain">);</span>
<span class="reserved">if</span><span class="plain"> (</span><span class="identifier">Kinds::Compare::compatible</span><span class="plain">(</span><span class="identifier">cleft</span><span class="plain">, </span><span class="identifier">rleft</span><span class="plain">) == </span><span class="identifier">NEVER_MATCH</span><span class="plain">) {</span>
<span class="functiontext">Problems::quote_kind</span><span class="plain">(5, </span><span class="identifier">kinds_of_terms</span><span class="plain">[0]);</span>
<span class="functiontext">Problems::quote_kind</span><span class="plain">(4, </span><span class="identifier">cleft</span><span class="plain">);</span>
<span class="functiontext">Problems::Issue::tcp_problem</span><span class="plain">(</span><span class="identifier">_p_</span><span class="plain">(</span><span class="identifier">BelievedImpossible</span><span class="plain">), </span><span class="identifier">tck</span><span class="plain">,</span>
<span class="string">"that applies a relation to values of the wrong kinds: we have %5, but "</span>
<span class="string">"the left-hand value here is %4."</span><span class="plain">);</span>
<span class="reserved">return</span><span class="plain"> </span><span class="identifier">NEVER_MATCH</span><span class="plain">;</span>
<span class="plain">}</span>
<span class="reserved">if</span><span class="plain"> (</span><span class="identifier">Kinds::Compare::compatible</span><span class="plain">(</span><span class="identifier">cright</span><span class="plain">, </span><span class="identifier">rright</span><span class="plain">) == </span><span class="identifier">NEVER_MATCH</span><span class="plain">) {</span>
<span class="functiontext">Problems::quote_kind</span><span class="plain">(5, </span><span class="identifier">kinds_of_terms</span><span class="plain">[0]);</span>
<span class="functiontext">Problems::quote_kind</span><span class="plain">(4, </span><span class="identifier">cright</span><span class="plain">);</span>
<span class="functiontext">Problems::Issue::tcp_problem</span><span class="plain">(</span><span class="identifier">_p_</span><span class="plain">(</span><span class="identifier">BelievedImpossible</span><span class="plain">), </span><span class="identifier">tck</span><span class="plain">,</span>
<span class="string">"that applies a relation to values of the wrong kinds: we have %5, but "</span>
<span class="string">"the right-hand value here is %4."</span><span class="plain">);</span>
<span class="reserved">return</span><span class="plain"> </span><span class="identifier">NEVER_MATCH</span><span class="plain">;</span>
<span class="plain">}</span>
<span class="plain">}</span>
<span class="reserved">return</span><span class="plain"> </span><span class="identifier">ALWAYS_MATCH</span><span class="plain">;</span>
<span class="plain">}</span>
</pre>
<p class="inwebparagraph"></p>
<p class="endnote">The function Relations::Universal::REL_typecheck is used in 6/bp (<a href="6-bp.html#SP47">&#167;47</a>).</p>
<p class="inwebparagraph"><a id="SP6"></a><b>&#167;6. Assertion. </b>This can't be asserted; it's for use at run-time only.
</p>
<pre class="display">
<span class="reserved">int</span><span class="plain"> </span><span class="functiontext">Relations::Universal::REL_assert</span><span class="plain">(</span><span class="reserved">binary_predicate</span><span class="plain"> *</span><span class="identifier">bp</span><span class="plain">,</span>
<span class="reserved">inference_subject</span><span class="plain"> *</span><span class="identifier">infs0</span><span class="plain">, </span><span class="identifier">parse_node</span><span class="plain"> *</span><span class="identifier">spec0</span><span class="plain">,</span>
<span class="reserved">inference_subject</span><span class="plain"> *</span><span class="identifier">infs1</span><span class="plain">, </span><span class="identifier">parse_node</span><span class="plain"> *</span><span class="identifier">spec1</span><span class="plain">) {</span>
<span class="reserved">return</span><span class="plain"> </span><span class="identifier">FALSE</span><span class="plain">;</span>
<span class="plain">}</span>
</pre>
<p class="inwebparagraph"></p>
<p class="endnote">The function Relations::Universal::REL_assert is used in 6/bp (<a href="6-bp.html#SP47">&#167;47</a>).</p>
<p class="inwebparagraph"><a id="SP7"></a><b>&#167;7. Compilation. </b>Run-time is too late to change which verbs mean what, so this relation
can't be changed at compile time, but the universal relation can.
</p>
<pre class="display">
<span class="reserved">int</span><span class="plain"> </span><span class="functiontext">Relations::Universal::REL_compile</span><span class="plain">(</span><span class="reserved">int</span><span class="plain"> </span><span class="identifier">task</span><span class="plain">, </span><span class="reserved">binary_predicate</span><span class="plain"> *</span><span class="identifier">bp</span><span class="plain">,</span>
<span class="reserved">annotated_i6_schema</span><span class="plain"> *</span><span class="identifier">asch</span><span class="plain">) {</span>
<span class="reserved">if</span><span class="plain"> (</span><span class="identifier">bp</span><span class="plain"> == </span><span class="identifier">R_meaning</span><span class="plain">) {</span>
<span class="reserved">switch</span><span class="plain">(</span><span class="identifier">task</span><span class="plain">) {</span>
<span class="reserved">case</span><span class="plain"> </span><span class="constant">TEST_ATOM_TASK</span><span class="plain">:</span>
<span class="functiontext">Calculus::Schemas::modify</span><span class="plain">(</span><span class="identifier">asch</span><span class="plain">-</span><span class="element">&gt;schema</span><span class="plain">, </span><span class="string">"*=-(BlkValueCompare(*1(CV_MEANING), *2)==0)"</span><span class="plain">);</span>
<span class="reserved">return</span><span class="plain"> </span><span class="identifier">TRUE</span><span class="plain">;</span>
<span class="plain">}</span>
<span class="plain">} </span><span class="reserved">else</span><span class="plain"> {</span>
<span class="reserved">switch</span><span class="plain">(</span><span class="identifier">task</span><span class="plain">) {</span>
<span class="reserved">case</span><span class="plain"> </span><span class="constant">TEST_ATOM_TASK</span><span class="plain">:</span>
<span class="functiontext">Calculus::Schemas::modify</span><span class="plain">(</span><span class="identifier">asch</span><span class="plain">-</span><span class="element">&gt;schema</span><span class="plain">, </span><span class="string">"*=-((RlnGetF(*1, RR_HANDLER))(*1, RELS_TEST, *&amp;))"</span><span class="plain">);</span>
<span class="reserved">return</span><span class="plain"> </span><span class="identifier">TRUE</span><span class="plain">;</span>
<span class="reserved">case</span><span class="plain"> </span><span class="constant">NOW_ATOM_TRUE_TASK</span><span class="plain">:</span>
<span class="functiontext">Calculus::Schemas::modify</span><span class="plain">(</span><span class="identifier">asch</span><span class="plain">-</span><span class="element">&gt;schema</span><span class="plain">, </span><span class="string">"*=-((RlnGetF(*1, RR_HANDLER))(*1, RELS_ASSERT_TRUE, *&amp;))"</span><span class="plain">);</span>
<span class="reserved">return</span><span class="plain"> </span><span class="identifier">TRUE</span><span class="plain">;</span>
<span class="reserved">case</span><span class="plain"> </span><span class="constant">NOW_ATOM_FALSE_TASK</span><span class="plain">:</span>
<span class="functiontext">Calculus::Schemas::modify</span><span class="plain">(</span><span class="identifier">asch</span><span class="plain">-</span><span class="element">&gt;schema</span><span class="plain">, </span><span class="string">"*=-((RlnGetF(*1, RR_HANDLER))(*1, RELS_ASSERT_FALSE, *&amp;))"</span><span class="plain">);</span>
<span class="reserved">return</span><span class="plain"> </span><span class="identifier">TRUE</span><span class="plain">;</span>
<span class="plain">}</span>
<span class="plain">}</span>
<span class="reserved">return</span><span class="plain"> </span><span class="identifier">FALSE</span><span class="plain">;</span>
<span class="plain">}</span>
</pre>
<p class="inwebparagraph"></p>
<p class="endnote">The function Relations::Universal::REL_compile is used in 6/bp (<a href="6-bp.html#SP47">&#167;47</a>).</p>
<p class="inwebparagraph"><a id="SP8"></a><b>&#167;8. Problem message text. </b>Nothing special is needed here.
</p>
<pre class="display">
<span class="reserved">int</span><span class="plain"> </span><span class="functiontext">Relations::Universal::REL_describe_for_problems</span><span class="plain">(</span><span class="identifier">OUTPUT_STREAM</span><span class="plain">, </span><span class="reserved">binary_predicate</span><span class="plain"> *</span><span class="identifier">bp</span><span class="plain">) {</span>
<span class="reserved">return</span><span class="plain"> </span><span class="identifier">FALSE</span><span class="plain">;</span>
<span class="plain">}</span>
</pre>
<p class="inwebparagraph"></p>
<p class="endnote">The function Relations::Universal::REL_describe_for_problems is used in 6/bp (<a href="6-bp.html#SP47">&#167;47</a>).</p>
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