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<ul class="crumbs"><li><a href="../index.html">Home</a></li><li><a href="../compiler.html">Services</a></li><li><a href="index.html">arch</a></li><li><a href="index.html#2">Chapter 2: Architectures and VMs</a></li><li><b>Target Virtual Machines</b></li></ul></div>
<p class="purpose">To deal with multiple object code formats.</p>
<ul class="toc"><li><a href="2-tvm.html#SP1">&#167;1. Object code</a></li><li><a href="2-tvm.html#SP3">&#167;3. Standard set</a></li><li><a href="2-tvm.html#SP4">&#167;4. Describing and finding</a></li><li><a href="2-tvm.html#SP7">&#167;7. Miscellaneous provisions</a></li></ul><hr class="tocbar">
<p class="commentary firstcommentary"><a id="SP1" class="paragraph-anchor"></a><b>&#167;1. Object code. </b>The end result of compilation is traditionally called "object code" and
people tend to use words like "binary" or even "machine code" about it,
though in fact the world is more diverse nowadays. Inform 7 has always
generated "object code" which is itself a program for a virtual machine;
for example, it makes Glulx bytecode rather than x86 or ARM instructions.
Because of that, we use the customary term "virtual machine" for the format
of the end product of the Inform build process. But it doesn't have to be
virtual. If Inter-to-x86-via-C is properly implemented, we will probably
want to add a VM to represent something like "32-bit binary via ANSI C".
</p>
<p class="commentary">Each different target VM is represented by one of these objects:
</p>
<pre class="displayed-code all-displayed-code code-font">
<span class="reserved-syntax">typedef</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="reserved-syntax">struct</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="reserved-syntax">target_vm</span><span class="plain-syntax"> {</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="reserved-syntax">struct</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">text_stream</span><span class="plain-syntax"> *</span><span class="identifier-syntax">family_name</span><span class="plain-syntax">; </span><span class="comment-syntax"> such as </span><span class="extract"><span class="extract-syntax">Glulx</span></span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="reserved-syntax">int</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">with_debugging_enabled</span><span class="plain-syntax">;</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="reserved-syntax">struct</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="reserved-syntax">inter_architecture</span><span class="plain-syntax"> *</span><span class="identifier-syntax">architecture</span><span class="plain-syntax">; </span><span class="comment-syntax"> such as 32d</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="reserved-syntax">struct</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">semantic_version_number</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">version</span><span class="plain-syntax">; </span><span class="comment-syntax"> such as 0.8.7</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="reserved-syntax">struct</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">text_stream</span><span class="plain-syntax"> *</span><span class="identifier-syntax">VM_extension</span><span class="plain-syntax">; </span><span class="comment-syntax"> canonical filename extension</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="reserved-syntax">struct</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">text_stream</span><span class="plain-syntax"> *</span><span class="identifier-syntax">VM_unblorbed_extension</span><span class="plain-syntax">; </span><span class="comment-syntax"> such as </span><span class="extract"><span class="extract-syntax">z8</span></span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="reserved-syntax">struct</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">text_stream</span><span class="plain-syntax"> *</span><span class="identifier-syntax">VM_blorbed_extension</span><span class="plain-syntax">; </span><span class="comment-syntax"> when blorbed up</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="reserved-syntax">struct</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">text_stream</span><span class="plain-syntax"> *</span><span class="identifier-syntax">VM_image</span><span class="plain-syntax">; </span><span class="comment-syntax"> filename of image for icon denoting VM</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="reserved-syntax">int</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">max_locals</span><span class="plain-syntax">; </span><span class="comment-syntax"> upper limit on local variables per stack frame</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="reserved-syntax">struct</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">text_stream</span><span class="plain-syntax"> *</span><span class="identifier-syntax">default_browser_interpreter</span><span class="plain-syntax">; </span><span class="comment-syntax"> e.g., "Parchment"</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="reserved-syntax">struct</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">text_stream</span><span class="plain-syntax"> *</span><span class="identifier-syntax">iFiction_format_name</span><span class="plain-syntax">; </span><span class="comment-syntax"> e.g., "zcode": see the Treaty of Babel</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="reserved-syntax">int</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">supports_floating_point</span><span class="plain-syntax">;</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">CLASS_DEFINITION</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">} </span><span class="reserved-syntax">target_vm</span><span class="plain-syntax">;</span>
</pre>
<ul class="endnotetexts"><li>The structure target_vm is accessed in 2/cmp and here.</li></ul>
<p class="commentary firstcommentary"><a id="SP2" class="paragraph-anchor"></a><b>&#167;2. </b></p>
<pre class="displayed-code all-displayed-code code-font">
<span class="reserved-syntax">target_vm</span><span class="plain-syntax"> *</span><span class="function-syntax">TargetVMs::new</span><button class="popup" onclick="togglePopup('usagePopup1')"><span class="comment-syntax">?</span><span class="popuptext" id="usagePopup1">Usage of <span class="code-font"><span class="function-syntax">TargetVMs::new</span></span>:<br/><a href="2-tvm.html#SP3">&#167;3</a></span></button><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">text_stream</span><span class="plain-syntax"> *</span><span class="identifier-syntax">code</span><span class="plain-syntax">, </span><span class="identifier-syntax">text_stream</span><span class="plain-syntax"> *</span><span class="identifier-syntax">nick</span><span class="plain-syntax">, </span><span class="identifier-syntax">semantic_version_number</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">V</span><span class="plain-syntax">,</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">text_stream</span><span class="plain-syntax"> *</span><span class="identifier-syntax">image</span><span class="plain-syntax">, </span><span class="identifier-syntax">text_stream</span><span class="plain-syntax"> *</span><span class="identifier-syntax">interpreter</span><span class="plain-syntax">, </span><span class="identifier-syntax">text_stream</span><span class="plain-syntax"> *</span><span class="identifier-syntax">blorbed</span><span class="plain-syntax">, </span><span class="identifier-syntax">text_stream</span><span class="plain-syntax"> *</span><span class="identifier-syntax">arch</span><span class="plain-syntax">,</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="reserved-syntax">int</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">debug</span><span class="plain-syntax">, </span><span class="reserved-syntax">int</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">max_locals</span><span class="plain-syntax">, </span><span class="identifier-syntax">text_stream</span><span class="plain-syntax"> *</span><span class="identifier-syntax">iFiction</span><span class="plain-syntax">) {</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="reserved-syntax">target_vm</span><span class="plain-syntax"> *</span><span class="identifier-syntax">VM</span><span class="plain-syntax"> = </span><span class="identifier-syntax">CREATE</span><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="reserved-syntax">target_vm</span><span class="plain-syntax">);</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">VM</span><span class="plain-syntax">-&gt;</span><span class="element-syntax">family_name</span><span class="plain-syntax"> = </span><span class="identifier-syntax">Str::duplicate</span><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">code</span><span class="plain-syntax">);</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">VM</span><span class="plain-syntax">-&gt;</span><span class="element-syntax">version</span><span class="plain-syntax"> = </span><span class="identifier-syntax">V</span><span class="plain-syntax">;</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">VM</span><span class="plain-syntax">-&gt;</span><span class="element-syntax">VM_extension</span><span class="plain-syntax"> = </span><span class="identifier-syntax">Str::duplicate</span><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">nick</span><span class="plain-syntax">);</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">VM</span><span class="plain-syntax">-&gt;</span><span class="element-syntax">VM_unblorbed_extension</span><span class="plain-syntax"> = </span><span class="identifier-syntax">Str::duplicate</span><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">nick</span><span class="plain-syntax">);</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">VM</span><span class="plain-syntax">-&gt;</span><span class="element-syntax">VM_blorbed_extension</span><span class="plain-syntax"> = </span><span class="identifier-syntax">Str::duplicate</span><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">blorbed</span><span class="plain-syntax">);</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">VM</span><span class="plain-syntax">-&gt;</span><span class="element-syntax">VM_image</span><span class="plain-syntax"> = </span><span class="identifier-syntax">Str::duplicate</span><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">image</span><span class="plain-syntax">);</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">VM</span><span class="plain-syntax">-&gt;</span><span class="element-syntax">max_locals</span><span class="plain-syntax"> = </span><span class="identifier-syntax">max_locals</span><span class="plain-syntax">;</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">VM</span><span class="plain-syntax">-&gt;</span><span class="element-syntax">default_browser_interpreter</span><span class="plain-syntax"> = </span><span class="identifier-syntax">Str::duplicate</span><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">interpreter</span><span class="plain-syntax">);</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">VM</span><span class="plain-syntax">-&gt;</span><span class="element-syntax">architecture</span><span class="plain-syntax"> = </span><a href="2-arc.html#SP5" class="function-link"><span class="function-syntax">Architectures::from_codename</span></a><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">arch</span><span class="plain-syntax">);</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="reserved-syntax">if</span><span class="plain-syntax"> (</span><span class="identifier-syntax">VM</span><span class="plain-syntax">-&gt;</span><span class="element-syntax">architecture</span><span class="plain-syntax"> == </span><span class="identifier-syntax">NULL</span><span class="plain-syntax">) </span><span class="identifier-syntax">internal_error</span><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="string-syntax">"no such architecture"</span><span class="plain-syntax">);</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">VM</span><span class="plain-syntax">-&gt;</span><span class="element-syntax">with_debugging_enabled</span><span class="plain-syntax"> = </span><span class="identifier-syntax">debug</span><span class="plain-syntax">;</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">VM</span><span class="plain-syntax">-&gt;</span><span class="element-syntax">supports_floating_point</span><span class="plain-syntax"> = </span><span class="identifier-syntax">TRUE</span><span class="plain-syntax">;</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="reserved-syntax">if</span><span class="plain-syntax"> (</span><a href="2-arc.html#SP6" class="function-link"><span class="function-syntax">Architectures::is_16_bit</span></a><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">VM</span><span class="plain-syntax">-&gt;</span><span class="element-syntax">architecture</span><span class="plain-syntax">)) </span><span class="identifier-syntax">VM</span><span class="plain-syntax">-&gt;</span><span class="element-syntax">supports_floating_point</span><span class="plain-syntax"> = </span><span class="identifier-syntax">FALSE</span><span class="plain-syntax">;</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">VM</span><span class="plain-syntax">-&gt;</span><span class="element-syntax">iFiction_format_name</span><span class="plain-syntax"> = </span><span class="identifier-syntax">Str::duplicate</span><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">iFiction</span><span class="plain-syntax">);</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="reserved-syntax">return</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">VM</span><span class="plain-syntax">;</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">}</span>
</pre>
<p class="commentary firstcommentary"><a id="SP3" class="paragraph-anchor"></a><b>&#167;3. Standard set. </b>This is called when the <a href="index.html" class="internal">arch</a> module starts up; no other architectures
are ever made.
</p>
<pre class="displayed-code all-displayed-code code-font">
<span class="reserved-syntax">void</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="function-syntax">TargetVMs::create</span><button class="popup" onclick="togglePopup('usagePopup2')"><span class="comment-syntax">?</span><span class="popuptext" id="usagePopup2">Usage of <span class="code-font"><span class="function-syntax">TargetVMs::create</span></span>:<br/>Arch Module - <a href="1-am.html#SP3">&#167;3</a></span></button><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="reserved-syntax">void</span><span class="plain-syntax">) {</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="comment-syntax"> hat tip: Joel Berez and Marc Blank, 1979, and later hands</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><a href="2-tvm.html#SP2" class="function-link"><span class="function-syntax">TargetVMs::new</span></a><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">I</span><span class="string-syntax">"Z-Machine"</span><span class="plain-syntax">, </span><span class="identifier-syntax">I</span><span class="string-syntax">"z5"</span><span class="plain-syntax">, </span><span class="identifier-syntax">VersionNumbers::from_text</span><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">I</span><span class="string-syntax">"5"</span><span class="plain-syntax">),</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">I</span><span class="string-syntax">"vm_z5.png"</span><span class="plain-syntax">, </span><span class="identifier-syntax">I</span><span class="string-syntax">"Parchment"</span><span class="plain-syntax">, </span><span class="identifier-syntax">I</span><span class="string-syntax">"zblorb"</span><span class="plain-syntax">, </span><span class="identifier-syntax">I</span><span class="string-syntax">"16"</span><span class="plain-syntax">, </span><span class="identifier-syntax">FALSE</span><span class="plain-syntax">, </span><span class="constant-syntax">15</span><span class="plain-syntax">, </span><span class="identifier-syntax">I</span><span class="string-syntax">"zcode"</span><span class="plain-syntax">);</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><a href="2-tvm.html#SP2" class="function-link"><span class="function-syntax">TargetVMs::new</span></a><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">I</span><span class="string-syntax">"Z-Machine"</span><span class="plain-syntax">, </span><span class="identifier-syntax">I</span><span class="string-syntax">"z5"</span><span class="plain-syntax">, </span><span class="identifier-syntax">VersionNumbers::from_text</span><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">I</span><span class="string-syntax">"5"</span><span class="plain-syntax">),</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">I</span><span class="string-syntax">"vm_z5.png"</span><span class="plain-syntax">, </span><span class="identifier-syntax">I</span><span class="string-syntax">"Parchment"</span><span class="plain-syntax">, </span><span class="identifier-syntax">I</span><span class="string-syntax">"zblorb"</span><span class="plain-syntax">, </span><span class="identifier-syntax">I</span><span class="string-syntax">"16d"</span><span class="plain-syntax">, </span><span class="identifier-syntax">TRUE</span><span class="plain-syntax">, </span><span class="constant-syntax">15</span><span class="plain-syntax">, </span><span class="identifier-syntax">I</span><span class="string-syntax">"zcode"</span><span class="plain-syntax">);</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><a href="2-tvm.html#SP2" class="function-link"><span class="function-syntax">TargetVMs::new</span></a><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">I</span><span class="string-syntax">"Z-Machine"</span><span class="plain-syntax">, </span><span class="identifier-syntax">I</span><span class="string-syntax">"z8"</span><span class="plain-syntax">, </span><span class="identifier-syntax">VersionNumbers::from_text</span><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">I</span><span class="string-syntax">"8"</span><span class="plain-syntax">),</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">I</span><span class="string-syntax">"vm_z8.png"</span><span class="plain-syntax">, </span><span class="identifier-syntax">I</span><span class="string-syntax">"Parchment"</span><span class="plain-syntax">, </span><span class="identifier-syntax">I</span><span class="string-syntax">"zblorb"</span><span class="plain-syntax">, </span><span class="identifier-syntax">I</span><span class="string-syntax">"16"</span><span class="plain-syntax">, </span><span class="identifier-syntax">FALSE</span><span class="plain-syntax">, </span><span class="constant-syntax">15</span><span class="plain-syntax">, </span><span class="identifier-syntax">I</span><span class="string-syntax">"zcode"</span><span class="plain-syntax">);</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><a href="2-tvm.html#SP2" class="function-link"><span class="function-syntax">TargetVMs::new</span></a><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">I</span><span class="string-syntax">"Z-Machine"</span><span class="plain-syntax">, </span><span class="identifier-syntax">I</span><span class="string-syntax">"z8"</span><span class="plain-syntax">, </span><span class="identifier-syntax">VersionNumbers::from_text</span><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">I</span><span class="string-syntax">"8"</span><span class="plain-syntax">),</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">I</span><span class="string-syntax">"vm_z8.png"</span><span class="plain-syntax">, </span><span class="identifier-syntax">I</span><span class="string-syntax">"Parchment"</span><span class="plain-syntax">, </span><span class="identifier-syntax">I</span><span class="string-syntax">"zblorb"</span><span class="plain-syntax">, </span><span class="identifier-syntax">I</span><span class="string-syntax">"16d"</span><span class="plain-syntax">, </span><span class="identifier-syntax">TRUE</span><span class="plain-syntax">, </span><span class="constant-syntax">15</span><span class="plain-syntax">, </span><span class="identifier-syntax">I</span><span class="string-syntax">"zcode"</span><span class="plain-syntax">);</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="comment-syntax"> hat tip: Andrew Plotkin, 2000</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><a href="2-tvm.html#SP2" class="function-link"><span class="function-syntax">TargetVMs::new</span></a><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">I</span><span class="string-syntax">"Glulx"</span><span class="plain-syntax">, </span><span class="identifier-syntax">I</span><span class="string-syntax">"ulx"</span><span class="plain-syntax">, </span><span class="identifier-syntax">VersionNumbers::from_text</span><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">I</span><span class="string-syntax">"3.1.2"</span><span class="plain-syntax">),</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">I</span><span class="string-syntax">"vm_glulx.png"</span><span class="plain-syntax">, </span><span class="identifier-syntax">I</span><span class="string-syntax">"Quixe"</span><span class="plain-syntax">, </span><span class="identifier-syntax">I</span><span class="string-syntax">"gblorb"</span><span class="plain-syntax">, </span><span class="identifier-syntax">I</span><span class="string-syntax">"32"</span><span class="plain-syntax">, </span><span class="identifier-syntax">FALSE</span><span class="plain-syntax">, </span><span class="constant-syntax">256</span><span class="plain-syntax">, </span><span class="identifier-syntax">I</span><span class="string-syntax">"glulx"</span><span class="plain-syntax">);</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><a href="2-tvm.html#SP2" class="function-link"><span class="function-syntax">TargetVMs::new</span></a><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">I</span><span class="string-syntax">"Glulx"</span><span class="plain-syntax">, </span><span class="identifier-syntax">I</span><span class="string-syntax">"ulx"</span><span class="plain-syntax">, </span><span class="identifier-syntax">VersionNumbers::from_text</span><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">I</span><span class="string-syntax">"3.1.2"</span><span class="plain-syntax">),</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">I</span><span class="string-syntax">"vm_glulx.png"</span><span class="plain-syntax">, </span><span class="identifier-syntax">I</span><span class="string-syntax">"Quixe"</span><span class="plain-syntax">, </span><span class="identifier-syntax">I</span><span class="string-syntax">"gblorb"</span><span class="plain-syntax">, </span><span class="identifier-syntax">I</span><span class="string-syntax">"32d"</span><span class="plain-syntax">, </span><span class="identifier-syntax">TRUE</span><span class="plain-syntax">, </span><span class="constant-syntax">256</span><span class="plain-syntax">, </span><span class="identifier-syntax">I</span><span class="string-syntax">"glulx"</span><span class="plain-syntax">);</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">}</span>
</pre>
<p class="commentary firstcommentary"><a id="SP4" class="paragraph-anchor"></a><b>&#167;4. Describing and finding. </b>This is the longhand form of the VM name:
</p>
<pre class="displayed-code all-displayed-code code-font">
<span class="reserved-syntax">void</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="function-syntax">TargetVMs::write</span><button class="popup" onclick="togglePopup('usagePopup3')"><span class="comment-syntax">?</span><span class="popuptext" id="usagePopup3">Usage of <span class="code-font"><span class="function-syntax">TargetVMs::write</span></span>:<br/>Compatibility - <a href="2-cmp.html#SP5">&#167;5</a></span></button><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">OUTPUT_STREAM</span><span class="plain-syntax">, </span><span class="reserved-syntax">target_vm</span><span class="plain-syntax"> *</span><span class="identifier-syntax">VM</span><span class="plain-syntax">) {</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="reserved-syntax">if</span><span class="plain-syntax"> (</span><span class="identifier-syntax">VM</span><span class="plain-syntax"> == </span><span class="identifier-syntax">NULL</span><span class="plain-syntax">) </span><span class="identifier-syntax">WRITE</span><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="string-syntax">"none"</span><span class="plain-syntax">);</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="reserved-syntax">else</span><span class="plain-syntax"> {</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">WRITE</span><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="string-syntax">"%S"</span><span class="plain-syntax">, </span><span class="identifier-syntax">VM</span><span class="plain-syntax">-&gt;</span><span class="element-syntax">family_name</span><span class="plain-syntax">);</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">semantic_version_number</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">V</span><span class="plain-syntax"> = </span><span class="identifier-syntax">VM</span><span class="plain-syntax">-&gt;</span><span class="element-syntax">version</span><span class="plain-syntax">;</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="reserved-syntax">if</span><span class="plain-syntax"> (</span><span class="identifier-syntax">VersionNumbers::is_null</span><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">V</span><span class="plain-syntax">) == </span><span class="identifier-syntax">FALSE</span><span class="plain-syntax">) </span><span class="identifier-syntax">WRITE</span><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="string-syntax">" version %v"</span><span class="plain-syntax">, &amp;</span><span class="identifier-syntax">V</span><span class="plain-syntax">);</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="reserved-syntax">if</span><span class="plain-syntax"> (</span><span class="identifier-syntax">VM</span><span class="plain-syntax">-&gt;</span><span class="element-syntax">with_debugging_enabled</span><span class="plain-syntax">) </span><span class="identifier-syntax">WRITE</span><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="string-syntax">" with debugging"</span><span class="plain-syntax">);</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> }</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">}</span>
</pre>
<p class="commentary firstcommentary"><a id="SP5" class="paragraph-anchor"></a><b>&#167;5. </b>Here we deduce a VM from the given filename extension, which is the rather
clumsy way that VMs are referred to on the <a href="../inform7/index.html" class="internal">inform7</a> command line. For
example, <span class="extract"><span class="extract-syntax">ulx</span></span> produces one of the Glulx VMs.
</p>
<pre class="displayed-code all-displayed-code code-font">
<span class="reserved-syntax">target_vm</span><span class="plain-syntax"> *</span><span class="function-syntax">TargetVMs::find</span><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">text_stream</span><span class="plain-syntax"> *</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ext</span><span class="plain-syntax">, </span><span class="reserved-syntax">int</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">debug</span><span class="plain-syntax">) {</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="reserved-syntax">target_vm</span><span class="plain-syntax"> *</span><span class="identifier-syntax">result</span><span class="plain-syntax"> = </span><span class="identifier-syntax">NULL</span><span class="plain-syntax">;</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="reserved-syntax">if</span><span class="plain-syntax"> (</span><span class="identifier-syntax">Str::len</span><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">ext</span><span class="plain-syntax">) == </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="plain-syntax">) </span><span class="identifier-syntax">ext</span><span class="plain-syntax"> = </span><span class="identifier-syntax">I</span><span class="string-syntax">"ulx"</span><span class="plain-syntax">;</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">TEMPORARY_TEXT</span><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">file_extension</span><span class="plain-syntax">)</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">Str::copy</span><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">file_extension</span><span class="plain-syntax">, </span><span class="identifier-syntax">ext</span><span class="plain-syntax">);</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="reserved-syntax">if</span><span class="plain-syntax"> (</span><span class="identifier-syntax">Str::get_first_char</span><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">file_extension</span><span class="plain-syntax">) == </span><span class="character-syntax">'.'</span><span class="plain-syntax">)</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">Str::delete_first_character</span><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">file_extension</span><span class="plain-syntax">);</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">LOOP_THROUGH_TEXT</span><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">pos</span><span class="plain-syntax">, </span><span class="identifier-syntax">file_extension</span><span class="plain-syntax">)</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">Str::put</span><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">pos</span><span class="plain-syntax">, </span><span class="identifier-syntax">Characters::tolower</span><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">Str::get</span><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">pos</span><span class="plain-syntax">)));</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="reserved-syntax">target_vm</span><span class="plain-syntax"> *</span><span class="identifier-syntax">VM</span><span class="plain-syntax">;</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">LOOP_OVER</span><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">VM</span><span class="plain-syntax">, </span><span class="reserved-syntax">target_vm</span><span class="plain-syntax">)</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="reserved-syntax">if</span><span class="plain-syntax"> ((</span><span class="identifier-syntax">Str::eq_insensitive</span><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">VM</span><span class="plain-syntax">-&gt;</span><span class="element-syntax">VM_unblorbed_extension</span><span class="plain-syntax">, </span><span class="identifier-syntax">ext</span><span class="plain-syntax">)) &amp;&amp;</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> (</span><span class="identifier-syntax">VM</span><span class="plain-syntax">-&gt;</span><span class="element-syntax">with_debugging_enabled</span><span class="plain-syntax"> == </span><span class="identifier-syntax">debug</span><span class="plain-syntax">))</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">result</span><span class="plain-syntax"> = </span><span class="identifier-syntax">VM</span><span class="plain-syntax">;</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">DISCARD_TEXT</span><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">file_extension</span><span class="plain-syntax">)</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="reserved-syntax">return</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">result</span><span class="plain-syntax">;</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">}</span>
</pre>
<p class="commentary firstcommentary"><a id="SP6" class="paragraph-anchor"></a><b>&#167;6. </b>A somewhat sharper method finds specific versions: for example, it can pick
out version 5 rather than version 8 of the Z-machine. Note that the version
numbers must match exactly, and not simply be compatible according to semver
rules.
</p>
<pre class="displayed-code all-displayed-code code-font">
<span class="reserved-syntax">target_vm</span><span class="plain-syntax"> *</span><span class="function-syntax">TargetVMs::find_in_family</span><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">text_stream</span><span class="plain-syntax"> *</span><span class="identifier-syntax">family</span><span class="plain-syntax">, </span><span class="identifier-syntax">semantic_version_number</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">V</span><span class="plain-syntax">,</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="reserved-syntax">int</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">debug</span><span class="plain-syntax">) {</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="reserved-syntax">target_vm</span><span class="plain-syntax"> *</span><span class="identifier-syntax">VM</span><span class="plain-syntax">;</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">LOOP_OVER</span><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">VM</span><span class="plain-syntax">, </span><span class="reserved-syntax">target_vm</span><span class="plain-syntax">)</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="reserved-syntax">if</span><span class="plain-syntax"> ((</span><span class="identifier-syntax">Str::eq_insensitive</span><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">VM</span><span class="plain-syntax">-&gt;</span><span class="element-syntax">family_name</span><span class="plain-syntax">, </span><span class="identifier-syntax">family</span><span class="plain-syntax">)) &amp;&amp;</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> (</span><span class="identifier-syntax">VersionNumbers::eq</span><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">VM</span><span class="plain-syntax">-&gt;</span><span class="element-syntax">version</span><span class="plain-syntax">, </span><span class="identifier-syntax">V</span><span class="plain-syntax">)) &amp;&amp;</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> ((</span><span class="identifier-syntax">debug</span><span class="plain-syntax"> == </span><span class="identifier-syntax">NOT_APPLICABLE</span><span class="plain-syntax">) || (</span><span class="identifier-syntax">debug</span><span class="plain-syntax"> == </span><span class="identifier-syntax">VM</span><span class="plain-syntax">-&gt;</span><span class="element-syntax">with_debugging_enabled</span><span class="plain-syntax">)))</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="reserved-syntax">return</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">VM</span><span class="plain-syntax">;</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="reserved-syntax">return</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">NULL</span><span class="plain-syntax">;</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">}</span>
</pre>
<p class="commentary firstcommentary"><a id="SP7" class="paragraph-anchor"></a><b>&#167;7. Miscellaneous provisions. </b></p>
<pre class="displayed-code all-displayed-code code-font">
<span class="reserved-syntax">int</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="function-syntax">TargetVMs::is_16_bit</span><button class="popup" onclick="togglePopup('usagePopup4')"><span class="comment-syntax">?</span><span class="popuptext" id="usagePopup4">Usage of <span class="code-font"><span class="function-syntax">TargetVMs::is_16_bit</span></span>:<br/>Compatibility - <a href="2-cmp.html#SP10_2">&#167;10.2</a></span></button><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="reserved-syntax">target_vm</span><span class="plain-syntax"> *</span><span class="identifier-syntax">VM</span><span class="plain-syntax">) {</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="reserved-syntax">if</span><span class="plain-syntax"> (</span><span class="identifier-syntax">VM</span><span class="plain-syntax"> == </span><span class="identifier-syntax">NULL</span><span class="plain-syntax">) </span><span class="identifier-syntax">internal_error</span><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="string-syntax">"no VM"</span><span class="plain-syntax">);</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="reserved-syntax">return</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><a href="2-arc.html#SP6" class="function-link"><span class="function-syntax">Architectures::is_16_bit</span></a><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">VM</span><span class="plain-syntax">-&gt;</span><span class="element-syntax">architecture</span><span class="plain-syntax">);</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">}</span>
<span class="reserved-syntax">int</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="function-syntax">TargetVMs::debug_enabled</span><button class="popup" onclick="togglePopup('usagePopup5')"><span class="comment-syntax">?</span><span class="popuptext" id="usagePopup5">Usage of <span class="code-font"><span class="function-syntax">TargetVMs::debug_enabled</span></span>:<br/>Compatibility - <a href="2-cmp.html#SP10_1">&#167;10.1</a>, <a href="2-cmp.html#SP10_2">&#167;10.2</a>, <a href="2-cmp.html#SP10_3">&#167;10.3</a></span></button><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="reserved-syntax">target_vm</span><span class="plain-syntax"> *</span><span class="identifier-syntax">VM</span><span class="plain-syntax">) {</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="reserved-syntax">if</span><span class="plain-syntax"> (</span><span class="identifier-syntax">VM</span><span class="plain-syntax"> == </span><span class="identifier-syntax">NULL</span><span class="plain-syntax">) </span><span class="identifier-syntax">internal_error</span><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="string-syntax">"no VM"</span><span class="plain-syntax">);</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="reserved-syntax">return</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><a href="2-arc.html#SP6" class="function-link"><span class="function-syntax">Architectures::debug_enabled</span></a><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">VM</span><span class="plain-syntax">-&gt;</span><span class="element-syntax">architecture</span><span class="plain-syntax">);</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">}</span>
<span class="reserved-syntax">int</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="function-syntax">TargetVMs::supports_floating_point</span><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="reserved-syntax">target_vm</span><span class="plain-syntax"> *</span><span class="identifier-syntax">VM</span><span class="plain-syntax">) {</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="reserved-syntax">if</span><span class="plain-syntax"> (</span><span class="identifier-syntax">VM</span><span class="plain-syntax"> == </span><span class="identifier-syntax">NULL</span><span class="plain-syntax">) </span><span class="identifier-syntax">internal_error</span><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="string-syntax">"no VM"</span><span class="plain-syntax">);</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="reserved-syntax">return</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">VM</span><span class="plain-syntax">-&gt;</span><span class="element-syntax">supports_floating_point</span><span class="plain-syntax">;</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">}</span>
</pre>
<p class="commentary firstcommentary"><a id="SP8" class="paragraph-anchor"></a><b>&#167;8. </b>The limits on local variables per routine are different on each platform.
On Z, the maximum is fixed at 15, but Glulx allows it to be set with an I6
memory setting.
</p>
<pre class="displayed-code all-displayed-code code-font">
<span class="reserved-syntax">int</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="function-syntax">TargetVMs::allow_this_many_locals</span><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="reserved-syntax">target_vm</span><span class="plain-syntax"> *</span><span class="identifier-syntax">VM</span><span class="plain-syntax">, </span><span class="reserved-syntax">int</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">N</span><span class="plain-syntax">) {</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="reserved-syntax">if</span><span class="plain-syntax"> (</span><span class="identifier-syntax">VM</span><span class="plain-syntax"> == </span><span class="identifier-syntax">NULL</span><span class="plain-syntax">) </span><span class="identifier-syntax">internal_error</span><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="string-syntax">"no VM"</span><span class="plain-syntax">);</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="reserved-syntax">if</span><span class="plain-syntax"> ((</span><span class="identifier-syntax">VM</span><span class="plain-syntax">-&gt;</span><span class="element-syntax">max_locals</span><span class="plain-syntax"> &gt;= </span><span class="constant-syntax">0</span><span class="plain-syntax">) &amp;&amp; (</span><span class="identifier-syntax">VM</span><span class="plain-syntax">-&gt;</span><span class="element-syntax">max_locals</span><span class="plain-syntax"> &lt; </span><span class="identifier-syntax">N</span><span class="plain-syntax">)) </span><span class="reserved-syntax">return</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">FALSE</span><span class="plain-syntax">;</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="reserved-syntax">return</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">TRUE</span><span class="plain-syntax">;</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">}</span>
<span class="reserved-syntax">int</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="function-syntax">TargetVMs::allow_MAX_LOCAL_VARIABLES</span><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="reserved-syntax">target_vm</span><span class="plain-syntax"> *</span><span class="identifier-syntax">VM</span><span class="plain-syntax">) {</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="reserved-syntax">if</span><span class="plain-syntax"> (</span><span class="identifier-syntax">VM</span><span class="plain-syntax"> == </span><span class="identifier-syntax">NULL</span><span class="plain-syntax">) </span><span class="identifier-syntax">internal_error</span><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="string-syntax">"no VM"</span><span class="plain-syntax">);</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="reserved-syntax">if</span><span class="plain-syntax"> (</span><span class="identifier-syntax">VM</span><span class="plain-syntax">-&gt;</span><span class="element-syntax">max_locals</span><span class="plain-syntax"> &gt; </span><span class="constant-syntax">15</span><span class="plain-syntax">) </span><span class="reserved-syntax">return</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">TRUE</span><span class="plain-syntax">;</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="reserved-syntax">return</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">FALSE</span><span class="plain-syntax">;</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">}</span>
</pre>
<p class="commentary firstcommentary"><a id="SP9" class="paragraph-anchor"></a><b>&#167;9. </b>When releasing a blorbed story file, the file extension depends on the
story file wrapped inside. (This is a dubious idea, in the opinion of
the author of Inform &mdash; should not "blorb" be one unified wrapper? &mdash; but
that ship seems to have sailed.)
</p>
<pre class="displayed-code all-displayed-code code-font">
<span class="identifier-syntax">text_stream</span><span class="plain-syntax"> *</span><span class="function-syntax">TargetVMs::get_unblorbed_extension</span><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="reserved-syntax">target_vm</span><span class="plain-syntax"> *</span><span class="identifier-syntax">VM</span><span class="plain-syntax">) {</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="reserved-syntax">if</span><span class="plain-syntax"> (</span><span class="identifier-syntax">VM</span><span class="plain-syntax"> == </span><span class="identifier-syntax">NULL</span><span class="plain-syntax">) </span><span class="identifier-syntax">internal_error</span><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="string-syntax">"no VM"</span><span class="plain-syntax">);</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="reserved-syntax">return</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">VM</span><span class="plain-syntax">-&gt;</span><span class="element-syntax">VM_unblorbed_extension</span><span class="plain-syntax">;</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">}</span>
<span class="identifier-syntax">text_stream</span><span class="plain-syntax"> *</span><span class="function-syntax">TargetVMs::get_blorbed_extension</span><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="reserved-syntax">target_vm</span><span class="plain-syntax"> *</span><span class="identifier-syntax">VM</span><span class="plain-syntax">) {</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="reserved-syntax">if</span><span class="plain-syntax"> (</span><span class="identifier-syntax">VM</span><span class="plain-syntax"> == </span><span class="identifier-syntax">NULL</span><span class="plain-syntax">) </span><span class="identifier-syntax">internal_error</span><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="string-syntax">"no VM"</span><span class="plain-syntax">);</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="reserved-syntax">return</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">VM</span><span class="plain-syntax">-&gt;</span><span class="element-syntax">VM_blorbed_extension</span><span class="plain-syntax">;</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">}</span>
</pre>
<p class="commentary firstcommentary"><a id="SP10" class="paragraph-anchor"></a><b>&#167;10. </b>This is the format name as expressed in an iFiction bibliographic record,
where it's not meaningful to talk about debugging features or the number
of bits, and where it's currently not possible to express a VM version number.
</p>
<pre class="displayed-code all-displayed-code code-font">
<span class="identifier-syntax">text_stream</span><span class="plain-syntax"> *</span><span class="function-syntax">TargetVMs::get_iFiction_format</span><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="reserved-syntax">target_vm</span><span class="plain-syntax"> *</span><span class="identifier-syntax">VM</span><span class="plain-syntax">) {</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="reserved-syntax">if</span><span class="plain-syntax"> (</span><span class="identifier-syntax">VM</span><span class="plain-syntax"> == </span><span class="identifier-syntax">NULL</span><span class="plain-syntax">) </span><span class="identifier-syntax">internal_error</span><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="string-syntax">"no VM"</span><span class="plain-syntax">);</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="reserved-syntax">return</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">VM</span><span class="plain-syntax">-&gt;</span><span class="element-syntax">iFiction_format_name</span><span class="plain-syntax">;</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">}</span>
<span class="reserved-syntax">inter_architecture</span><span class="plain-syntax"> *</span><span class="function-syntax">TargetVMs::get_architecture</span><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="reserved-syntax">target_vm</span><span class="plain-syntax"> *</span><span class="identifier-syntax">VM</span><span class="plain-syntax">) {</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="reserved-syntax">if</span><span class="plain-syntax"> (</span><span class="identifier-syntax">VM</span><span class="plain-syntax"> == </span><span class="identifier-syntax">NULL</span><span class="plain-syntax">) </span><span class="identifier-syntax">internal_error</span><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="string-syntax">"no VM"</span><span class="plain-syntax">);</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="reserved-syntax">return</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">VM</span><span class="plain-syntax">-&gt;</span><span class="element-syntax">architecture</span><span class="plain-syntax">;</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">}</span>
</pre>
<p class="commentary firstcommentary"><a id="SP11" class="paragraph-anchor"></a><b>&#167;11. </b>Different VMs have different in-browser interpreters, which means that
Inblorb needs to be given different release instructions for them. If the
user doesn't specify any particular interpreter, she gets:
</p>
<pre class="displayed-code all-displayed-code code-font">
<span class="identifier-syntax">text_stream</span><span class="plain-syntax"> *</span><span class="function-syntax">TargetVMs::get_default_interpreter</span><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="reserved-syntax">target_vm</span><span class="plain-syntax"> *</span><span class="identifier-syntax">VM</span><span class="plain-syntax">) {</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="reserved-syntax">if</span><span class="plain-syntax"> (</span><span class="identifier-syntax">VM</span><span class="plain-syntax"> == </span><span class="identifier-syntax">NULL</span><span class="plain-syntax">) </span><span class="identifier-syntax">internal_error</span><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="string-syntax">"no VM"</span><span class="plain-syntax">);</span>
<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="reserved-syntax">return</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">VM</span><span class="plain-syntax">-&gt;</span><span class="element-syntax">default_browser_interpreter</span><span class="plain-syntax">;</span>
<span class="plain-syntax">}</span>
</pre>
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