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<!--Weave of '3/cao' generated by 7-->
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<ul class="crumbs"><li><a href="../webs.html">Source</a></li><li><a href="../compiler.html">Compiler Modules</a></li><li><a href="index.html">linguistics</a></li><li><a href="index.html#3">Chapter 3: Grammatical Categories I</a></li><li><b>Cardinals and Ordinals</b></li></ul><p class="purpose">To parse integers seen from a grammatical point of view.</p>
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<ul class="toc"><li><a href="#SP1">§1. Cardinal and ordinal numbers</a></li></ul><hr class="tocbar">
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<p class="inwebparagraph"><a id="SP1"></a><b>§1. Cardinal and ordinal numbers. </b>We read a few low numbers in text, but larger numbers only in digits. Textual
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numbers run from 0 to 12 since that's what clocks need.
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</p>
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<p class="inwebparagraph">By a cardinal we mean a number such as <code class="display"><span class="extract">five</span></code> or <code class="display"><span class="extract">351</span></code>.
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</p>
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<pre class="display">
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<span class="plain"><</span><span class="identifier">cardinal</span><span class="plain">-</span><span class="identifier">number</span><span class="plain">-</span><span class="identifier">in</span><span class="plain">-</span><span class="identifier">words</span><span class="plain">> ::=</span>
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<span class="identifier">zero</span><span class="plain"> |</span>
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<span class="identifier">one</span><span class="plain"> |</span>
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<span class="identifier">two</span><span class="plain"> |</span>
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<span class="identifier">three</span><span class="plain"> |</span>
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<span class="identifier">four</span><span class="plain"> |</span>
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<span class="identifier">five</span><span class="plain"> |</span>
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<span class="identifier">six</span><span class="plain"> |</span>
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<span class="identifier">seven</span><span class="plain"> |</span>
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<span class="identifier">eight</span><span class="plain"> |</span>
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<span class="identifier">nine</span><span class="plain"> |</span>
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<span class="identifier">ten</span><span class="plain"> |</span>
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<span class="identifier">eleven</span><span class="plain"> |</span>
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<span class="identifier">twelve</span>
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</pre>
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<p class="inwebparagraph"></p>
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<p class="inwebparagraph"><a id="SP2"></a><b>§2. </b>And by an ordinal we mean a number such as <code class="display"><span class="extract">fifth</span></code> or <code class="display"><span class="extract">351st</span></code>; note that
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this is not a noun, and isn't allowed as a constant value in Inform.
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</p>
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<pre class="display">
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<span class="plain"><</span><span class="identifier">ordinal</span><span class="plain">-</span><span class="identifier">number</span><span class="plain">-</span><span class="identifier">in</span><span class="plain">-</span><span class="identifier">words</span><span class="plain">> ::=</span>
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<span class="identifier">zeroth</span><span class="plain"> |</span>
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<span class="identifier">first</span><span class="plain"> |</span>
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<span class="identifier">second</span><span class="plain"> |</span>
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<span class="identifier">third</span><span class="plain"> |</span>
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<span class="identifier">fourth</span><span class="plain"> |</span>
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<span class="identifier">fifth</span><span class="plain"> |</span>
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<span class="identifier">sixth</span><span class="plain"> |</span>
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<span class="identifier">seventh</span><span class="plain"> |</span>
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<span class="identifier">eighth</span><span class="plain"> |</span>
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<span class="identifier">ninth</span><span class="plain"> |</span>
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<span class="identifier">tenth</span><span class="plain"> |</span>
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<span class="identifier">eleventh</span><span class="plain"> |</span>
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<span class="identifier">twelfth</span>
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</pre>
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<p class="inwebparagraph"></p>
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<p class="inwebparagraph"><a id="SP3"></a><b>§3. </b>Those two nonterminals here simply supply text: for efficiency reasons we
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don't actually parse them, although they would give the correct response if
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we did. Instead they're scanned for words which are marked with the appropriate
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numbers.
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</p>
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<pre class="display">
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<span class="reserved">void</span><span class="plain"> </span><span class="functiontext">Cardinals::preform_optimiser</span><span class="plain">(</span><span class="reserved">void</span><span class="plain">) {</span>
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<span class="identifier">Preform::mark_nt_as_requiring_itself_conj</span><span class="plain">(<</span><span class="identifier">cardinal</span><span class="plain">-</span><span class="identifier">number</span><span class="plain">>);</span>
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<span class="identifier">Preform::mark_nt_as_requiring_itself_conj</span><span class="plain">(<</span><span class="identifier">ordinal</span><span class="plain">-</span><span class="identifier">number</span><span class="plain">>);</span>
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<span class="reserved">for</span><span class="plain"> (</span><span class="reserved">int</span><span class="plain"> </span><span class="identifier">wn</span><span class="plain"> = </span><span class="constant">0</span><span class="plain">; </span><span class="identifier">wn</span><span class="plain"> < </span><span class="identifier">lexer_wordcount</span><span class="plain">; </span><span class="identifier">wn</span><span class="plain">++) {</span>
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<span class="reserved">if</span><span class="plain"> (</span><span class="identifier">Vocabulary::test_flags</span><span class="plain">(</span><span class="identifier">wn</span><span class="plain">, </span><span class="identifier">NUMBER_MC</span><span class="plain">))</span>
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<span class="functiontext">Cardinals::mark_as_cardinal</span><span class="plain">(</span><span class="identifier">Lexer::word</span><span class="plain">(</span><span class="identifier">wn</span><span class="plain">));</span>
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<span class="reserved">if</span><span class="plain"> (</span><span class="identifier">Vocabulary::test_flags</span><span class="plain">(</span><span class="identifier">wn</span><span class="plain">, </span><span class="identifier">ORDINAL_MC</span><span class="plain">))</span>
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<span class="functiontext">Cardinals::mark_as_ordinal</span><span class="plain">(</span><span class="identifier">Lexer::word</span><span class="plain">(</span><span class="identifier">wn</span><span class="plain">));</span>
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<span class="plain">}</span>
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<span class="plain">}</span>
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<span class="reserved">void</span><span class="plain"> </span><span class="functiontext">Cardinals::mark_as_cardinal</span><span class="plain">(</span><span class="identifier">vocabulary_entry</span><span class="plain"> *</span><span class="identifier">ve</span><span class="plain">) {</span>
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<span class="identifier">Preform::set_nt_incidence</span><span class="plain">(</span><span class="identifier">ve</span><span class="plain">, <</span><span class="identifier">cardinal</span><span class="plain">-</span><span class="identifier">number</span><span class="plain">>);</span>
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<span class="plain">}</span>
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<span class="reserved">void</span><span class="plain"> </span><span class="functiontext">Cardinals::mark_as_ordinal</span><span class="plain">(</span><span class="identifier">vocabulary_entry</span><span class="plain"> *</span><span class="identifier">ve</span><span class="plain">) {</span>
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<span class="identifier">Preform::set_nt_incidence</span><span class="plain">(</span><span class="identifier">ve</span><span class="plain">, <</span><span class="identifier">ordinal</span><span class="plain">-</span><span class="identifier">number</span><span class="plain">>);</span>
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<span class="plain">}</span>
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<span class="reserved">void</span><span class="plain"> </span><span class="functiontext">Cardinals::enable_in_word_form</span><span class="plain">(</span><span class="reserved">void</span><span class="plain">) {</span>
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<span class="identifier">Preform::assign_bitmap_bit</span><span class="plain">(<</span><span class="identifier">cardinal</span><span class="plain">-</span><span class="identifier">number</span><span class="plain">>, </span><span class="constant">0</span><span class="plain">);</span>
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<span class="identifier">Preform::assign_bitmap_bit</span><span class="plain">(<</span><span class="identifier">ordinal</span><span class="plain">-</span><span class="identifier">number</span><span class="plain">>, </span><span class="constant">1</span><span class="plain">);</span>
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<span class="plain"><</span><span class="identifier">cardinal</span><span class="plain">-</span><span class="identifier">number</span><span class="plain">-</span><span class="identifier">in</span><span class="plain">-</span><span class="identifier">words</span><span class="plain">>-></span><span class="identifier">number_words_by_production</span><span class="plain"> = </span><span class="identifier">TRUE</span><span class="plain">;</span>
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<span class="plain"><</span><span class="identifier">cardinal</span><span class="plain">-</span><span class="identifier">number</span><span class="plain">-</span><span class="identifier">in</span><span class="plain">-</span><span class="identifier">words</span><span class="plain">>-></span><span class="identifier">flag_words_in_production</span><span class="plain"> = </span><span class="identifier">NUMBER_MC</span><span class="plain">;</span>
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<span class="plain"><</span><span class="identifier">ordinal</span><span class="plain">-</span><span class="identifier">number</span><span class="plain">-</span><span class="identifier">in</span><span class="plain">-</span><span class="identifier">words</span><span class="plain">>-></span><span class="identifier">number_words_by_production</span><span class="plain"> = </span><span class="identifier">TRUE</span><span class="plain">;</span>
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<span class="plain"><</span><span class="identifier">ordinal</span><span class="plain">-</span><span class="identifier">number</span><span class="plain">-</span><span class="identifier">in</span><span class="plain">-</span><span class="identifier">words</span><span class="plain">>-></span><span class="identifier">flag_words_in_production</span><span class="plain"> = </span><span class="identifier">ORDINAL_MC</span><span class="plain">;</span>
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<span class="plain">}</span>
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</pre>
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<p class="inwebparagraph"></p>
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<p class="endnote">The function Cardinals::preform_optimiser is used in 1/lm (<a href="1-lm.html#SP5">§5</a>).</p>
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<p class="endnote">The function Cardinals::mark_as_cardinal is used in 2/em (<a href="2-em.html#SP6">§6</a>).</p>
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<p class="endnote">The function Cardinals::mark_as_ordinal is used in 2/em (<a href="2-em.html#SP6">§6</a>).</p>
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<p class="endnote">The function Cardinals::enable_in_word_form is used in 1/lm (<a href="1-lm.html#SP3">§3</a>).</p>
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<p class="inwebparagraph"><a id="SP4"></a><b>§4. </b>Actual parsing is done here. We look at a single word to see if it's a
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number literal: either one of the named cases above, or a number written out
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in decimal digits, perhaps with a minus sign.
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</p>
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<pre class="display">
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<span class="plain"><</span><span class="identifier">cardinal</span><span class="plain">-</span><span class="identifier">number</span><span class="plain">> </span><span class="identifier">internal</span><span class="plain"> </span><span class="constant">1</span><span class="plain"> {</span>
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<span class="reserved">if</span><span class="plain"> (</span><span class="identifier">Vocabulary::test_flags</span><span class="plain">(</span><span class="identifier">Wordings::first_wn</span><span class="plain">(</span><span class="identifier">W</span><span class="plain">), </span><span class="identifier">NUMBER_MC</span><span class="plain">)) {</span>
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<span class="plain">*</span><span class="identifier">X</span><span class="plain"> = </span><span class="identifier">Vocabulary::get_literal_number_value</span><span class="plain">(</span><span class="identifier">Lexer::word</span><span class="plain">(</span><span class="identifier">Wordings::first_wn</span><span class="plain">(</span><span class="identifier">W</span><span class="plain">)));</span>
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<<span class="cwebmacro">In Inform 7 only, check that the number is representable in the VM</span> <span class="cwebmacronumber">4.1</span>><span class="plain">;</span>
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<span class="reserved">return</span><span class="plain"> </span><span class="identifier">TRUE</span><span class="plain">;</span>
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<span class="plain">}</span>
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<span class="reserved">return</span><span class="plain"> </span><span class="identifier">FALSE</span><span class="plain">;</span>
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<span class="plain">}</span>
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<span class="plain"><</span><span class="identifier">ordinal</span><span class="plain">-</span><span class="identifier">number</span><span class="plain">> </span><span class="identifier">internal</span><span class="plain"> </span><span class="constant">1</span><span class="plain"> {</span>
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<span class="reserved">if</span><span class="plain"> (</span><span class="identifier">Vocabulary::test_flags</span><span class="plain">(</span><span class="identifier">Wordings::first_wn</span><span class="plain">(</span><span class="identifier">W</span><span class="plain">), </span><span class="identifier">ORDINAL_MC</span><span class="plain">)) {</span>
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<span class="plain">*</span><span class="identifier">X</span><span class="plain"> = </span><span class="identifier">Vocabulary::get_literal_number_value</span><span class="plain">(</span><span class="identifier">Lexer::word</span><span class="plain">(</span><span class="identifier">Wordings::first_wn</span><span class="plain">(</span><span class="identifier">W</span><span class="plain">)));</span>
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<<span class="cwebmacro">In Inform 7 only, check that the number is representable in the VM</span> <span class="cwebmacronumber">4.1</span>><span class="plain">;</span>
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<span class="reserved">return</span><span class="plain"> </span><span class="identifier">TRUE</span><span class="plain">;</span>
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<span class="plain">}</span>
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<span class="reserved">return</span><span class="plain"> </span><span class="identifier">FALSE</span><span class="plain">;</span>
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<span class="plain">}</span>
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</pre>
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<p class="inwebparagraph"></p>
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<p class="inwebparagraph"><a id="SP4_1"></a><b>§4.1. </b>These mustn't match any number too large to fit into the virtual machine
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being compiled to, so "42000", for instance, is not a valid literal if Inform
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is parsing text in a work intended for the 16-bit Z-machine.
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</p>
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<p class="inwebparagraph">Why do we catch this here? The answer is probably that it's an excess of
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caution, but this is a rare case where the choice of virtual machine affects
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the legal syntax for Inform source text — text originally written for use on
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Glulx, which allows for larger integers, might be moved over to a Z-machine
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project, with the user not realising the consequences.
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</p>
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<p class="macrodefinition"><code class="display">
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<<span class="cwebmacrodefn">In Inform 7 only, check that the number is representable in the VM</span> <span class="cwebmacronumber">4.1</span>> =
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</code></p>
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<pre class="displaydefn">
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<span class="plain">#</span><span class="identifier">ifdef</span><span class="plain"> </span><span class="identifier">CORE_MODULE</span>
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<span class="reserved">if</span><span class="plain"> (</span><span class="identifier">FundamentalConstants::veto_number</span><span class="plain">(*</span><span class="identifier">X</span><span class="plain">)) {</span>
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<span class="comment">to prevent repetitions:</span>
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<span class="identifier">Vocabulary::set_literal_number_value</span><span class="plain">(</span><span class="identifier">Lexer::word</span><span class="plain">(</span><span class="identifier">Wordings::first_wn</span><span class="plain">(</span><span class="identifier">W</span><span class="plain">)), </span><span class="constant">1</span><span class="plain">);</span>
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<span class="reserved">return</span><span class="plain"> </span><span class="identifier">FALSE</span><span class="plain">;</span>
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<span class="plain">}</span>
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<span class="plain">#</span><span class="identifier">endif</span>
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</pre>
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<p class="inwebparagraph"></p>
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<p class="endnote">This code is used in <a href="#SP4">§4</a> (twice).</p>
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<p class="inwebparagraph"><a id="SP5"></a><b>§5. </b>A small variation which lifts this restriction on the number range:
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</p>
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<pre class="display">
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<span class="plain"><</span><span class="identifier">cardinal</span><span class="plain">-</span><span class="identifier">number</span><span class="plain">-</span><span class="identifier">unlimited</span><span class="plain">> </span><span class="identifier">internal</span><span class="plain"> </span><span class="constant">1</span><span class="plain"> {</span>
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<span class="reserved">if</span><span class="plain"> (</span><span class="identifier">Vocabulary::test_flags</span><span class="plain">(</span><span class="identifier">Wordings::first_wn</span><span class="plain">(</span><span class="identifier">W</span><span class="plain">), </span><span class="identifier">NUMBER_MC</span><span class="plain">)) {</span>
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<span class="plain">*</span><span class="identifier">X</span><span class="plain"> = </span><span class="identifier">Vocabulary::get_literal_number_value</span><span class="plain">(</span><span class="identifier">Lexer::word</span><span class="plain">(</span><span class="identifier">Wordings::first_wn</span><span class="plain">(</span><span class="identifier">W</span><span class="plain">)));</span>
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<span class="reserved">return</span><span class="plain"> </span><span class="identifier">TRUE</span><span class="plain">;</span>
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<span class="plain">}</span>
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<span class="reserved">return</span><span class="plain"> </span><span class="identifier">FALSE</span><span class="plain">;</span>
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<span class="plain">}</span>
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</pre>
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<p class="inwebparagraph"></p>
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<hr class="tocbar">
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<ul class="toc"><li><a href="3-aap.html">Back to 'Articles and Pronouns'</a></li><li><a href="3-daq.html">Continue with 'Determiners and Quantifiers'</a></li></ul><hr class="tocbar">
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