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<!--Weave of 'Articles' generated by Inweb-->
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<ul class="crumbs"><li><a href="../index.html">Home</a></li><li><a href="../compiler.html">Services</a></li><li><a href="index.html">linguistics</a></li><li><a href="index.html#2">Chapter 2: NP Categories</a></li><li><b>Articles</b></li></ul></div>
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<p class="purpose">Preform grammar for the articles.</p>
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<p class="commentary firstcommentary"><a id="SP1"></a><b>§1. </b></p>
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<pre class="definitions code-font"><span class="definition-keyword">define</span> <span class="constant-syntax">DEF_ART</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="constant-syntax">1</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="comment-syntax"> the definite article</span>
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<span class="definition-keyword">define</span> <span class="constant-syntax">INDEF_ART</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="constant-syntax">2</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="comment-syntax"> the indefinite article</span>
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<span class="definition-keyword">define</span> <span class="constant-syntax">NO_ART</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="constant-syntax">3</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="comment-syntax"> no article supplied</span>
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<span class="definition-keyword">define</span> <span class="constant-syntax">IT_ART</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="constant-syntax">4</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="comment-syntax"> a special case to handle "it"</span>
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</pre>
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<pre class="Preform-displayed-code all-displayed-code code-font">
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<span class="Preform-function-syntax"><article></span><span class="Preform-plain-syntax"> </span><span class="Preform-reserved-syntax">::=</span>
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<span class="Preform-plain-syntax"> </span><span class="Preform-function-syntax"><indefinite-article></span><span class="Preform-plain-syntax"> </span><span class="Preform-reserved-syntax">|</span><span class="Preform-plain-syntax"> </span><span class="Preform-reserved-syntax">==></span><span class="Preform-plain-syntax"> R[1]</span>
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<span class="Preform-plain-syntax"> </span><span class="Preform-function-syntax"><definite-article></span><span class="Preform-plain-syntax"> </span><span class="Preform-reserved-syntax">==></span><span class="Preform-plain-syntax"> R[1]</span>
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</pre>
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<ul class="endnotetexts"><li>This is <a href="../words-module/4-ap.html" class="internal">Preform grammar</a>, not regular C code.</li></ul>
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<p class="commentary firstcommentary"><a id="SP2"></a><b>§2. </b>The articles need to be single words, and the following two productions
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have an unusual convention: they are required to have production numbers
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which encode both the implied grammatical number and gender. These numbers
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mean:
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</p>
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<p class="commentary"><span class="extract"><span class="Preform-extract-syntax">/a/</span></span> singular, neuter; <span class="extract"><span class="Preform-extract-syntax">/b/</span></span> singular, masculine; <span class="extract"><span class="Preform-extract-syntax">/c/</span></span> singular, feminine;
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<span class="extract"><span class="Preform-extract-syntax">/d/</span></span> plural, neuter; <span class="extract"><span class="Preform-extract-syntax">/e/</span></span> plural, masculine; <span class="extract"><span class="Preform-extract-syntax">/f/</span></span> plural, feminine.
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</p>
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<p class="commentary">But since in English gender doesn't appear in articles, and "the" is ambiguous
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as to number in any case, we end up with something quite dull as the default:
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</p>
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<pre class="Preform-displayed-code all-displayed-code code-font">
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<span class="Preform-function-syntax"><definite-article></span><span class="Preform-plain-syntax"> </span><span class="Preform-reserved-syntax">::=</span>
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<span class="Preform-plain-syntax"> </span><span class="Preform-constant-syntax">/a/</span><span class="Preform-plain-syntax"> </span><span class="Preform-constant-syntax">the</span>
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<span class="Preform-function-syntax"><indefinite-article></span><span class="Preform-plain-syntax"> </span><span class="Preform-reserved-syntax">::=</span>
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<span class="Preform-plain-syntax"> </span><span class="Preform-constant-syntax">/a/</span><span class="Preform-plain-syntax"> </span><span class="Preform-constant-syntax">a/an</span><span class="Preform-plain-syntax"> </span><span class="Preform-reserved-syntax">|</span>
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<span class="Preform-plain-syntax"> </span><span class="Preform-constant-syntax">/d/</span><span class="Preform-plain-syntax"> </span><span class="Preform-constant-syntax">some</span>
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</pre>
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<ul class="endnotetexts"><li>This is <a href="../words-module/4-ap.html" class="internal">Preform grammar</a>, not regular C code.</li></ul>
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<p class="commentary firstcommentary"><a id="SP3"></a><b>§3. </b>These are useful for stripping optional articles from text:
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</p>
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<pre class="Preform-displayed-code all-displayed-code code-font">
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<span class="Preform-function-syntax"><optional-definite-article></span><span class="Preform-plain-syntax"> </span><span class="Preform-reserved-syntax">::=</span>
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<span class="Preform-plain-syntax"> </span><span class="Preform-function-syntax"><definite-article></span><span class="Preform-plain-syntax"> </span><span class="Preform-reserved-syntax">...</span><span class="Preform-plain-syntax"> </span><span class="Preform-reserved-syntax">|</span>
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<span class="Preform-plain-syntax"> </span><span class="Preform-reserved-syntax">...</span>
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<span class="Preform-function-syntax"><optional-article></span><span class="Preform-plain-syntax"> </span><span class="Preform-reserved-syntax">::=</span>
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<span class="Preform-plain-syntax"> </span><span class="Preform-function-syntax"><article></span><span class="Preform-plain-syntax"> </span><span class="Preform-reserved-syntax">...</span><span class="Preform-plain-syntax"> </span><span class="Preform-reserved-syntax">|</span>
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<span class="Preform-plain-syntax"> </span><span class="Preform-reserved-syntax">...</span>
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<span class="Preform-function-syntax"><compulsory-article></span><span class="Preform-plain-syntax"> </span><span class="Preform-reserved-syntax">::=</span>
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<span class="Preform-plain-syntax"> </span><span class="Preform-function-syntax"><article></span><span class="Preform-plain-syntax"> </span><span class="Preform-reserved-syntax">...</span>
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</pre>
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<ul class="endnotetexts"><li>This is <a href="../words-module/4-ap.html" class="internal">Preform grammar</a>, not regular C code.</li></ul>
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<p class="commentary firstcommentary"><a id="SP4"></a><b>§4. </b></p>
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<pre class="displayed-code all-displayed-code code-font">
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<span class="identifier-syntax">wording</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="function-syntax">Articles::remove_the</span><button class="popup" onclick="togglePopup('usagePopup1')"><span class="comment-syntax">?</span><span class="popuptext" id="usagePopup1">Usage of <span class="code-font"><span class="function-syntax">Articles::remove_the</span></span>:<br/>Determiners and Quantifiers - <a href="2-daq.html#SP17">§17</a></span></button><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">wording</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">W</span><span class="plain-syntax">) {</span>
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<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="reserved-syntax">if</span><span class="plain-syntax"> ((</span><span class="identifier-syntax">Wordings::length</span><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">W</span><span class="plain-syntax">) > </span><span class="constant-syntax">1</span><span class="plain-syntax">) && (</span><span class="function-syntax"><optional-definite-article></span><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">W</span><span class="plain-syntax">)))</span>
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<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="reserved-syntax">return</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">GET_RW</span><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="function-syntax"><optional-definite-article></span><span class="plain-syntax">, </span><span class="constant-syntax">1</span><span class="plain-syntax">);</span>
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<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="reserved-syntax">return</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">W</span><span class="plain-syntax">;</span>
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<span class="plain-syntax">}</span>
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<span class="identifier-syntax">wording</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="function-syntax">Articles::remove_article</span><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">wording</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">W</span><span class="plain-syntax">) {</span>
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<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="reserved-syntax">if</span><span class="plain-syntax"> (</span><span class="identifier-syntax">Wordings::nonempty</span><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">W</span><span class="plain-syntax">)) {</span>
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<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="function-syntax"><optional-article></span><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="identifier-syntax">W</span><span class="plain-syntax">);</span>
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<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="reserved-syntax">return</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">GET_RW</span><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="function-syntax"><optional-article></span><span class="plain-syntax">, </span><span class="constant-syntax">1</span><span class="plain-syntax">);</span>
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<span class="plain-syntax"> }</span>
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<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="reserved-syntax">return</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">W</span><span class="plain-syntax">;</span>
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<span class="plain-syntax">}</span>
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</pre>
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<p class="commentary firstcommentary"><a id="SP5"></a><b>§5. </b>It's very important to parse articles, which occur very often, rapidly. So
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we give these special priority in Preform optimisation; they have their very
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own private bit.
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</p>
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<pre class="displayed-code all-displayed-code code-font">
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<span class="reserved-syntax">void</span><span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="function-syntax">Articles::mark_for_preform</span><button class="popup" onclick="togglePopup('usagePopup2')"><span class="comment-syntax">?</span><span class="popuptext" id="usagePopup2">Usage of <span class="code-font"><span class="function-syntax">Articles::mark_for_preform</span></span>:<br/>Linguistics Module - <a href="1-lm.html#SP3">§3</a></span></button><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="reserved-syntax">void</span><span class="plain-syntax">) {</span>
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<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">NTI::give_nt_reserved_incidence_bit</span><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="function-syntax"><article></span><span class="plain-syntax">, </span><span class="identifier-syntax">ARTICLE_RES_NT_BIT</span><span class="plain-syntax">);</span>
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<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">NTI::give_nt_reserved_incidence_bit</span><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="function-syntax"><definite-article></span><span class="plain-syntax">, </span><span class="identifier-syntax">ARTICLE_RES_NT_BIT</span><span class="plain-syntax">);</span>
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<span class="plain-syntax"> </span><span class="identifier-syntax">NTI::give_nt_reserved_incidence_bit</span><span class="plain-syntax">(</span><span class="function-syntax"><indefinite-article></span><span class="plain-syntax">, </span><span class="identifier-syntax">ARTICLE_RES_NT_BIT</span><span class="plain-syntax">);</span>
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<span class="plain-syntax">}</span>
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