2019-03-17 14:40:57 +02:00
<!DOCTYPE HTML PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD HTML 4.01 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/html4/loose.dtd">
< html >
< head >
2020-06-29 22:08:47 +03:00
< title > Articles< / title >
2020-05-03 03:20:55 +03:00
< link href = "../docs-assets/Breadcrumbs.css" rel = "stylesheet" rev = "stylesheet" type = "text/css" >
2020-03-19 02:11:25 +02:00
< meta name = "viewport" content = "width=device-width initial-scale=1" >
2019-03-17 14:40:57 +02:00
< meta http-equiv = "Content-Type" content = "text/html; charset=utf-8" >
< meta http-equiv = "Content-Language" content = "en-gb" >
2020-05-03 03:01:21 +03:00
2020-05-03 03:20:55 +03:00
< link href = "../docs-assets/Contents.css" rel = "stylesheet" rev = "stylesheet" type = "text/css" >
< link href = "../docs-assets/Progress.css" rel = "stylesheet" rev = "stylesheet" type = "text/css" >
< link href = "../docs-assets/Navigation.css" rel = "stylesheet" rev = "stylesheet" type = "text/css" >
< link href = "../docs-assets/Fonts.css" rel = "stylesheet" rev = "stylesheet" type = "text/css" >
< link href = "../docs-assets/Base.css" rel = "stylesheet" rev = "stylesheet" type = "text/css" >
2020-05-03 03:01:21 +03:00
< script >
function togglePopup(material_id) {
var popup = document.getElementById(material_id);
popup.classList.toggle("show");
}
< / script >
2020-05-03 03:20:55 +03:00
< link href = "../docs-assets/Popups.css" rel = "stylesheet" rev = "stylesheet" type = "text/css" >
< link href = "../docs-assets/Colours.css" rel = "stylesheet" rev = "stylesheet" type = "text/css" >
2020-05-09 15:07:39 +03:00
< link href = "../docs-assets/Preform-Colours.css" rel = "stylesheet" rev = "stylesheet" type = "text/css" >
2020-04-14 19:56:54 +03:00
2019-03-17 14:40:57 +02:00
< / head >
2020-05-03 03:01:21 +03:00
< body class = "commentary-font" >
2020-03-19 02:11:25 +02:00
< nav role = "navigation" >
2020-04-14 19:56:54 +03:00
< h1 > < a href = "../index.html" >
2020-05-03 18:34:53 +03:00
< img src = "../docs-assets/Inform.png" height = 72" >
2020-04-14 19:56:54 +03:00
< / a > < / h1 >
< ul > < li > < a href = "../compiler.html" > compiler tools< / a > < / li >
2020-03-19 02:11:25 +02:00
< li > < a href = "../other.html" > other tools< / a > < / li >
< li > < a href = "../extensions.html" > extensions and kits< / a > < / li >
< li > < a href = "../units.html" > unit test tools< / a > < / li >
2020-04-14 19:56:54 +03:00
< / ul > < h2 > Compiler Webs< / h2 > < ul >
2020-03-19 02:11:25 +02:00
< li > < a href = "../inbuild/index.html" > inbuild< / a > < / li >
< li > < a href = "../inform7/index.html" > inform7< / a > < / li >
< li > < a href = "../inter/index.html" > inter< / a > < / li >
2020-04-14 19:56:54 +03:00
< / ul > < h2 > Inbuild Modules< / h2 > < ul >
< li > < a href = "../supervisor-module/index.html" > supervisor< / a > < / li >
< / ul > < h2 > Inform7 Modules< / h2 > < ul >
2020-03-19 02:11:25 +02:00
< li > < a href = "../core-module/index.html" > core< / a > < / li >
< li > < a href = "../kinds-module/index.html" > kinds< / a > < / li >
< li > < a href = "../if-module/index.html" > if< / a > < / li >
< li > < a href = "../multimedia-module/index.html" > multimedia< / a > < / li >
< li > < a href = "../index-module/index.html" > index< / a > < / li >
2020-04-14 19:56:54 +03:00
< / ul > < h2 > Inter Modules< / h2 > < ul >
< li > < a href = "../bytecode-module/index.html" > bytecode< / a > < / li >
2020-03-19 02:11:25 +02:00
< li > < a href = "../building-module/index.html" > building< / a > < / li >
< li > < a href = "../codegen-module/index.html" > codegen< / a > < / li >
2020-05-20 02:02:28 +03:00
< / ul > < h2 > Services< / h2 > < ul >
2020-04-14 19:56:54 +03:00
< li > < a href = "../arch-module/index.html" > arch< / a > < / li >
< li > < a href = "../syntax-module/index.html" > syntax< / a > < / li >
< li > < a href = "../words-module/index.html" > words< / a > < / li >
< li > < a href = "../html-module/index.html" > html< / a > < / li >
2020-05-20 02:02:28 +03:00
< li > < a href = "../inflections-module/index.html" > inflections< / a > < / li >
< li > < a href = "index.html" > < span class = "selectedlink" > linguistics< / span > < / a > < / li >
< li > < a href = "../problems-module/index.html" > problems< / a > < / li >
2020-03-19 02:11:25 +02:00
< li > < a href = "../../../inweb/docs/foundation-module/index.html" > foundation< / a > < / li >
2020-04-14 19:56:54 +03:00
< / ul >
2020-03-19 02:11:25 +02:00
< / nav >
< main role = "main" >
2020-06-29 22:08:47 +03:00
<!-- Weave of 'Articles' generated by Inweb -->
2020-05-03 03:01:21 +03:00
< div class = "breadcrumbs" >
2020-06-29 22:08:47 +03:00
< ul class = "crumbs" > < li > < a href = "../index.html" > Home< / a > < / li > < li > < a href = "../compiler.html" > Services< / a > < / li > < li > < a href = "index.html" > linguistics< / a > < / li > < li > < a href = "index.html#2" > Chapter 2: NP Categories< / a > < / li > < li > < b > Articles< / b > < / li > < / ul > < / div >
< p class = "purpose" > Preform grammar for the articles.< / p >
2019-03-17 14:40:57 +02:00
2020-06-29 22:08:47 +03:00
< p class = "commentary firstcommentary" > < a id = "SP1" > < / a > < b > § 1. < / b > < / p >
2019-03-17 14:40:57 +02:00
2020-06-29 22:08:47 +03:00
< pre class = "definitions code-font" > < span class = "definition-keyword" > define< / span > < span class = "constant-syntax" > DEF_ART< / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > < / span > < span class = "constant-syntax" > 1< / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > < / span > < span class = "comment-syntax" > the definite article< / span >
< span class = "definition-keyword" > define< / span > < span class = "constant-syntax" > INDEF_ART< / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > < / span > < span class = "constant-syntax" > 2< / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > < / span > < span class = "comment-syntax" > the indefinite article< / span >
< span class = "definition-keyword" > define< / span > < span class = "constant-syntax" > NO_ART< / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > < / span > < span class = "constant-syntax" > 3< / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > < / span > < span class = "comment-syntax" > no article supplied< / span >
< span class = "definition-keyword" > define< / span > < span class = "constant-syntax" > IT_ART< / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > < / span > < span class = "constant-syntax" > 4< / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > < / span > < span class = "comment-syntax" > a special case to handle "it"< / span >
2019-03-17 14:40:57 +02:00
< / pre >
2020-05-09 15:07:39 +03:00
< pre class = "Preform-displayed-code all-displayed-code code-font" >
< span class = "Preform-function-syntax" > < article> < / span > < span class = "Preform-plain-syntax" > < / span > < span class = "Preform-reserved-syntax" > ::=< / span >
2020-06-29 04:17:54 +03:00
< span class = "Preform-plain-syntax" > < / span > < span class = "Preform-function-syntax" > < indefinite-article> < / span > < span class = "Preform-plain-syntax" > < / span > < span class = "Preform-reserved-syntax" > |< / span > < span class = "Preform-plain-syntax" > < / span > < span class = "Preform-reserved-syntax" > ==> < / span > < span class = "Preform-plain-syntax" > R[1]< / span >
< span class = "Preform-plain-syntax" > < / span > < span class = "Preform-function-syntax" > < definite-article> < / span > < span class = "Preform-plain-syntax" > < / span > < span class = "Preform-reserved-syntax" > ==> < / span > < span class = "Preform-plain-syntax" > R[1]< / span >
2019-03-17 14:40:57 +02:00
< / pre >
2020-05-17 15:37:39 +03:00
< ul class = "endnotetexts" > < li > This is < a href = "../words-module/4-ap.html" class = "internal" > Preform grammar< / a > , not regular C code.< / li > < / ul >
2020-06-29 22:08:47 +03:00
< p class = "commentary firstcommentary" > < a id = "SP2" > < / a > < b > § 2. < / b > The articles need to be single words, and the following two productions
2019-03-17 14:40:57 +02:00
have an unusual convention: they are required to have production numbers
2020-06-29 04:17:54 +03:00
which encode both the implied grammatical number and gender. These numbers
mean:
2019-03-17 14:40:57 +02:00
< / p >
2020-06-29 04:17:54 +03:00
< p class = "commentary" > < span class = "extract" > < span class = "Preform-extract-syntax" > /a/< / span > < / span > singular, neuter; < span class = "extract" > < span class = "Preform-extract-syntax" > /b/< / span > < / span > singular, masculine; < span class = "extract" > < span class = "Preform-extract-syntax" > /c/< / span > < / span > singular, feminine;
< span class = "extract" > < span class = "Preform-extract-syntax" > /d/< / span > < / span > plural, neuter; < span class = "extract" > < span class = "Preform-extract-syntax" > /e/< / span > < / span > plural, masculine; < span class = "extract" > < span class = "Preform-extract-syntax" > /f/< / span > < / span > plural, feminine.
< / p >
< p class = "commentary" > But since in English gender doesn't appear in articles, and "the" is ambiguous
as to number in any case, we end up with something quite dull as the default:
2019-03-17 14:40:57 +02:00
< / p >
2020-05-09 15:07:39 +03:00
< pre class = "Preform-displayed-code all-displayed-code code-font" >
< span class = "Preform-function-syntax" > < definite-article> < / span > < span class = "Preform-plain-syntax" > < / span > < span class = "Preform-reserved-syntax" > ::=< / span >
< span class = "Preform-plain-syntax" > < / span > < span class = "Preform-constant-syntax" > /a/< / span > < span class = "Preform-plain-syntax" > < / span > < span class = "Preform-constant-syntax" > the< / span >
2019-03-17 14:40:57 +02:00
2020-05-09 15:07:39 +03:00
< span class = "Preform-function-syntax" > < indefinite-article> < / span > < span class = "Preform-plain-syntax" > < / span > < span class = "Preform-reserved-syntax" > ::=< / span >
< span class = "Preform-plain-syntax" > < / span > < span class = "Preform-constant-syntax" > /a/< / span > < span class = "Preform-plain-syntax" > < / span > < span class = "Preform-constant-syntax" > a/an< / span > < span class = "Preform-plain-syntax" > < / span > < span class = "Preform-reserved-syntax" > |< / span >
< span class = "Preform-plain-syntax" > < / span > < span class = "Preform-constant-syntax" > /d/< / span > < span class = "Preform-plain-syntax" > < / span > < span class = "Preform-constant-syntax" > some< / span >
2019-03-17 14:40:57 +02:00
< / pre >
2020-05-17 15:37:39 +03:00
< ul class = "endnotetexts" > < li > This is < a href = "../words-module/4-ap.html" class = "internal" > Preform grammar< / a > , not regular C code.< / li > < / ul >
2020-06-29 22:08:47 +03:00
< p class = "commentary firstcommentary" > < a id = "SP3" > < / a > < b > § 3. < / b > These are useful for stripping optional articles from text:
2019-03-17 14:40:57 +02:00
< / p >
2020-05-09 15:07:39 +03:00
< pre class = "Preform-displayed-code all-displayed-code code-font" >
< span class = "Preform-function-syntax" > < optional-definite-article> < / span > < span class = "Preform-plain-syntax" > < / span > < span class = "Preform-reserved-syntax" > ::=< / span >
< span class = "Preform-plain-syntax" > < / span > < span class = "Preform-function-syntax" > < definite-article> < / span > < span class = "Preform-plain-syntax" > < / span > < span class = "Preform-reserved-syntax" > ...< / span > < span class = "Preform-plain-syntax" > < / span > < span class = "Preform-reserved-syntax" > |< / span >
< span class = "Preform-plain-syntax" > < / span > < span class = "Preform-reserved-syntax" > ...< / span >
2019-03-17 14:40:57 +02:00
2020-05-09 15:07:39 +03:00
< span class = "Preform-function-syntax" > < optional-article> < / span > < span class = "Preform-plain-syntax" > < / span > < span class = "Preform-reserved-syntax" > ::=< / span >
< span class = "Preform-plain-syntax" > < / span > < span class = "Preform-function-syntax" > < article> < / span > < span class = "Preform-plain-syntax" > < / span > < span class = "Preform-reserved-syntax" > ...< / span > < span class = "Preform-plain-syntax" > < / span > < span class = "Preform-reserved-syntax" > |< / span >
< span class = "Preform-plain-syntax" > < / span > < span class = "Preform-reserved-syntax" > ...< / span >
2019-03-17 14:40:57 +02:00
2020-05-09 15:07:39 +03:00
< span class = "Preform-function-syntax" > < compulsory-article> < / span > < span class = "Preform-plain-syntax" > < / span > < span class = "Preform-reserved-syntax" > ::=< / span >
< span class = "Preform-plain-syntax" > < / span > < span class = "Preform-function-syntax" > < article> < / span > < span class = "Preform-plain-syntax" > < / span > < span class = "Preform-reserved-syntax" > ...< / span >
2019-03-17 14:40:57 +02:00
< / pre >
2020-05-17 15:37:39 +03:00
< ul class = "endnotetexts" > < li > This is < a href = "../words-module/4-ap.html" class = "internal" > Preform grammar< / a > , not regular C code.< / li > < / ul >
2020-06-29 22:08:47 +03:00
< p class = "commentary firstcommentary" > < a id = "SP4" > < / a > < b > § 4. < / b > < / p >
2020-05-03 03:01:21 +03:00
< pre class = "displayed-code all-displayed-code code-font" >
2020-06-29 22:08:47 +03:00
< span class = "identifier-syntax" > wording< / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > < / span > < span class = "function-syntax" > Articles::remove_the< / span > < button class = "popup" onclick = "togglePopup('usagePopup1')" > < span class = "comment-syntax" > ?< / span > < span class = "popuptext" id = "usagePopup1" > Usage of < span class = "code-font" > < span class = "function-syntax" > Articles::remove_the< / span > < / span > :< br / > Determiners and Quantifiers - < a href = "2-daq.html#SP17" > § 17< / a > < / span > < / button > < span class = "plain-syntax" > (< / span > < span class = "identifier-syntax" > wording< / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > < / span > < span class = "identifier-syntax" > W< / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > ) {< / span >
2020-06-29 04:17:54 +03:00
< span class = "plain-syntax" > < / span > < span class = "reserved-syntax" > if< / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > ((< / span > < span class = "identifier-syntax" > Wordings::length< / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > (< / span > < span class = "identifier-syntax" > W< / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > ) > < / span > < span class = "constant-syntax" > 1< / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > ) & & (< / span > < span class = "function-syntax" > < optional-definite-article> < / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > (< / span > < span class = "identifier-syntax" > W< / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > )))< / span >
< span class = "plain-syntax" > < / span > < span class = "reserved-syntax" > return< / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > < / span > < span class = "identifier-syntax" > GET_RW< / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > (< / span > < span class = "function-syntax" > < optional-definite-article> < / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > , < / span > < span class = "constant-syntax" > 1< / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > );< / span >
2020-05-03 03:01:21 +03:00
< span class = "plain-syntax" > < / span > < span class = "reserved-syntax" > return< / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > < / span > < span class = "identifier-syntax" > W< / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > ;< / span >
< span class = "plain-syntax" > }< / span >
2020-05-30 16:33:19 +03:00
< span class = "identifier-syntax" > wording< / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > < / span > < span class = "function-syntax" > Articles::remove_article< / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > (< / span > < span class = "identifier-syntax" > wording< / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > < / span > < span class = "identifier-syntax" > W< / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > ) {< / span >
2020-05-03 03:01:21 +03:00
< span class = "plain-syntax" > < / span > < span class = "reserved-syntax" > if< / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > (< / span > < span class = "identifier-syntax" > Wordings::nonempty< / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > (< / span > < span class = "identifier-syntax" > W< / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > )) {< / span >
2020-05-09 15:07:39 +03:00
< span class = "plain-syntax" > < / span > < span class = "function-syntax" > < optional-article> < / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > (< / span > < span class = "identifier-syntax" > W< / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > );< / span >
< span class = "plain-syntax" > < / span > < span class = "reserved-syntax" > return< / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > < / span > < span class = "identifier-syntax" > GET_RW< / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > (< / span > < span class = "function-syntax" > < optional-article> < / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > , < / span > < span class = "constant-syntax" > 1< / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > );< / span >
2020-05-03 03:01:21 +03:00
< span class = "plain-syntax" > }< / span >
< span class = "plain-syntax" > < / span > < span class = "reserved-syntax" > return< / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > < / span > < span class = "identifier-syntax" > W< / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > ;< / span >
< span class = "plain-syntax" > }< / span >
2019-03-17 14:40:57 +02:00
< / pre >
2020-06-29 22:08:47 +03:00
< p class = "commentary firstcommentary" > < a id = "SP5" > < / a > < b > § 5. < / b > It's very important to parse articles, which occur very often, rapidly. So
we give these special priority in Preform optimisation; they have their very
own private bit.
2019-03-17 14:40:57 +02:00
< / p >
2020-05-03 03:01:21 +03:00
< pre class = "displayed-code all-displayed-code code-font" >
2020-05-30 16:33:19 +03:00
< span class = "reserved-syntax" > void< / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > < / span > < span class = "function-syntax" > Articles::mark_for_preform< / span > < button class = "popup" onclick = "togglePopup('usagePopup2')" > < span class = "comment-syntax" > ?< / span > < span class = "popuptext" id = "usagePopup2" > Usage of < span class = "code-font" > < span class = "function-syntax" > Articles::mark_for_preform< / span > < / span > :< br / > Linguistics Module - < a href = "1-lm.html#SP3" > § 3< / a > < / span > < / button > < span class = "plain-syntax" > (< / span > < span class = "reserved-syntax" > void< / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > ) {< / span >
2020-05-19 13:46:13 +03:00
< span class = "plain-syntax" > < / span > < span class = "identifier-syntax" > NTI::give_nt_reserved_incidence_bit< / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > (< / span > < span class = "function-syntax" > < article> < / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > , < / span > < span class = "identifier-syntax" > ARTICLE_RES_NT_BIT< / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > );< / span >
< span class = "plain-syntax" > < / span > < span class = "identifier-syntax" > NTI::give_nt_reserved_incidence_bit< / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > (< / span > < span class = "function-syntax" > < definite-article> < / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > , < / span > < span class = "identifier-syntax" > ARTICLE_RES_NT_BIT< / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > );< / span >
< span class = "plain-syntax" > < / span > < span class = "identifier-syntax" > NTI::give_nt_reserved_incidence_bit< / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > (< / span > < span class = "function-syntax" > < indefinite-article> < / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > , < / span > < span class = "identifier-syntax" > ARTICLE_RES_NT_BIT< / span > < span class = "plain-syntax" > );< / span >
2020-05-03 03:01:21 +03:00
< span class = "plain-syntax" > }< / span >
2019-03-17 14:40:57 +02:00
< / pre >
2020-05-03 03:01:21 +03:00
< nav role = "progress" > < div class = "progresscontainer" >
2020-06-29 22:08:47 +03:00
< ul class = "progressbar" > < li class = "progressprev" > < a href = "2-au.html" > ❮ < / a > < / li > < li class = "progresschapter" > < a href = "P-wtmd.html" > P< / a > < / li > < li class = "progresschapter" > < a href = "1-lm.html" > 1< / a > < / li > < li class = "progresscurrentchapter" > 2< / li > < li class = "progresssection" > < a href = "2-adj.html" > adj< / a > < / li > < li class = "progresssection" > < a href = "2-au.html" > au< / a > < / li > < li class = "progresscurrent" > art< / li > < li class = "progresssection" > < a href = "2-cao.html" > cao< / a > < / li > < li class = "progresssection" > < a href = "2-daq.html" > daq< / a > < / li > < li class = "progresssection" > < a href = "2-nns.html" > nns< / a > < / li > < li class = "progresssection" > < a href = "2-prn.html" > prn< / a > < / li > < li class = "progresschapter" > < a href = "3-vrb.html" > 3< / a > < / li > < li class = "progresschapter" > < a href = "4-dgr.html" > 4< / a > < / li > < li class = "progressnext" > < a href = "2-cao.html" > ❯ < / a > < / li > < / ul > < / div >
2020-05-03 03:01:21 +03:00
< / nav > <!-- End of weave -->
2019-03-17 14:40:57 +02:00
2020-03-19 02:11:25 +02:00
< / main >
2019-03-17 14:40:57 +02:00
< / body >
< / html >